Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
Young adult social smokers: their co-use of tobacco and alcohol, tobacco-related attitudes, and quitting efforts.
Young adults frequently report social smoking. This study examined the relationship between different social smoking definitions and the co-use of cigarettes and alcohol, tobacco-related attitudes, and quitting efforts. ⋯ Identification and behavior as a social smoker have opposing associations with co-use of cigarettes and alcohol and quit attempts. Tobacco cessation programs for self-identified social smokers should address co-use. Interventions denormalizing the tobacco industry or emphasizing the health effects of temporary smoking and secondhand smoke may address smoking among young adult bar patrons regardless of social smoking status.
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The role of the built environment on walking in rural United States (U.S.) locations is not well characterized. We examined self-reported and measured built environment correlates of walking for utilitarian purposes among adult residents of small rural towns. ⋯ Environmental factors associated with utilitarian walking in cities and suburbs were important in small rural towns. Moreover, manufacturing land use was associated with utilitarian walking. Modifying the built environment of small towns could lead to increased walking in a sizeable segment of the U.S. population.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
Review Meta Analysis Comparative StudyCultural relevance in medication adherence interventions with underrepresented adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes.
This meta-analysis systematically compiles intervention research designed to increase medication adherence among underrepresented adults. ⋯ The modest magnitude of improvements in medication adherence behavior documents the need for further research with clear testing of cultural relevance features.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyThe impact of Playworks on students' physical activity during recess: findings from a randomized controlled trial.
To evaluate the impact of Playworks on students' physical activity during recess. ⋯ Teachers in Playworks schools reported that students were more active during recess, but accelerometer and student survey measures showed either no impacts or marginally significant impacts.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
Multicenter StudyAssociation of environment and policy characteristics on children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and time spent sedentary in afterschool programs.
Afterschool programs are an important setting in which to promote children's physical activity. This study examines the association of environmental and policy characteristics on the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior of children attending afterschool programs. ⋯ Findings indicate that policies and size of activity space had limited influence on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior, suggesting that a programmatic structure may be a more effective option to improve moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels of children attending afterschool programs.