Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
Ciclovía participation and impacts in San Diego, CA: the first CicloSDias.
Ciclovía or Open Streets initiatives support physical activity through cycling/rolling, and walking/running. We evaluated San Diego's first Open Streets event, CicloSDias, to document attendance, reach and marketing, and effects on social cohesion, businesses, and physical activity. ⋯ Open Street initiatives are promising ways to promote physical activity and are desired by the community. Positive effects were observed for physical activity, social cohesion, and businesses, though reach should be expanded to include more underserved community members. Evaluating Open Streets is important for sustaining and improving these efforts.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
Correlates of state enactment of elementary school physical education laws.
To describe variation in U.S. state elementary school physical education (PE) policies and to assess associations between state PE policy enactment and education funding, academic achievement, sociodemographic disadvantage, and political characteristics. ⋯ Limited time and high-stake testing requirements force schools to prioritize academic programs, posing barriers to state passage of specific PE laws. To facilitate PE policy enactment, it may be necessary to provide evidence on how PE policies can be implemented within existing time and staffing structures.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
Comparative StudyBody mass index of children and youth with an intellectual disability by country economic status.
Individuals with intellectual disabilities are at higher risk for health disparities including overweight and obesity; however, little is known at the population level about the BMI status of children and youth with intellectual disabilities. This study is a secondary analysis of BMI status (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese) in children and youth (8-<18years) participating in Special Olympics by country economic status. ⋯ The high levels of both underweight and overweight/obesity found in this population of children and youth participating in Special Olympics represents a double burden of health risk. More research is needed to understand why this population experiences such disparities in BMI status and to develop health promotion initiatives targeted at this population.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
Moving toward implementation: the potential for accountable care organizations and private-public partnerships to advance active neighborhood design.
The 2010 Affordable Care Act's (ACA) aims of lowering costs and improving quality of care will renew focus on preventive health strategies. This coincides with a trend in medicine to reconsider population health approaches as part of the standard curriculum. This intersection of new policy and educational climates presents a unique opportunity to reconsider traditional healthcare structures. ⋯ One example is encouraging daily physical activity via built environment interventions and programs, which is recommended by numerous groups. We highlight how nonprofit organizations in Sacramento, California have been able to leverage influence, capital, and policy to encourage design for active living, and how their work is coordinating with public health and healthcare initiatives. In conclusion, we critically examine potential barriers to the success of partnerships between ACOs and community organizations and encourage further exploration and evaluation.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
Review Meta Analysis Comparative StudyCultural relevance in medication adherence interventions with underrepresented adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes.
This meta-analysis systematically compiles intervention research designed to increase medication adherence among underrepresented adults. ⋯ The modest magnitude of improvements in medication adherence behavior documents the need for further research with clear testing of cultural relevance features.