Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · May 2014
Review Meta AnalysisImproving diet and physical activity to reduce population prevalence of overweight and obesity: an overview of current evidence.
The aim of this study is to provide an overview of interventions to reduce or prevent overweight or obesity and improve diet or physical activity. ⋯ Various individually targeted interventions were shown to reduce body weight, although effect sizes were typically modest, and the durability of effects has been questioned. New approaches to evaluating population-based interventions, such as taxes and regulation, are recommended. Future research modelling the long-term effects of interventions across the lifespan would also be beneficial.
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Preventive medicine · May 2014
Correlates of leisure time physical activity compliance in colorectal cancer survivors.
Physical inactivity is a risk factor for cancer morbidity and mortality, but its influence in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors is understudied. We investigated sociodemographic, physically limiting, and behavioral predictors influencing leisure time physical activity (LTPA) among CRC survivors. ⋯ Hispanics, non-Hispanic Blacks, those with >2 physically limiting chronic conditions and current smokers warrant additional efforts to encourage physical activity and to determine the impact of regular physical activity on CRC survivorship.
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Preventive medicine · May 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyEfficacy of face masks and respirators in preventing upper respiratory tract bacterial colonization and co-infection in hospital healthcare workers.
We compared the efficacy of medical masks (MM) and N95 respirators (N95) in preventing bacterial colonization/infection in healthcare workers (HCWs). ⋯ N95 respirators were significantly protective against bacterial colonization, co-colonization and viral-bacterial co-infection. We showed that dual respiratory virus or bacterial-viral co-infections can be reduced by the use of N95 respirators. This study has occupational health and safety implications for health workers.
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Preventive medicine · May 2014
ReviewEarly childhood physical activity, sedentary behaviors and psychosocial well-being: a systematic review.
Little is known about how health behaviors such as physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) may be associated with psychosocial well-being during the crucial early childhood period. The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review of associations between PA, SB and psychosocial well-being during early childhood. ⋯ Too few studies exist to draw conclusions regarding associations. Future high-quality cohort and intervention studies are warranted particularly investigating dose-response associations.
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Preventive medicine · May 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialParticipant characteristics and intervention processes associated with reductions in television viewing in the High Five for Kids study.
To evaluate the High Five for Kids intervention effect on television within subgroups, examine participant characteristics associated with process measures and assess perceived helpfulness of television intervention components. ⋯ Clinic-based motivational interviewing reduces television viewing in children. Low cost education approaches (e.g., printed materials) may be well-received. Parents of children at higher obesity risk could be more motivated to reduce television.