Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2019
The role of lifestyle behaviour on the risk of hypertension in the SUN cohort: The hypertension preventive score.
Lifestyles may influence the risk of hypertension. Our objective was to assess the association between a healthy-lifestyle score and the incidence of hypertension. The SUN Project is a dynamic, prospective cohort of Spanish university graduates (1999-2014). ⋯ Among the components of the score, BMI was apparently the main factor driving the association between the HLS and lower risk of hypertension. A healthy-lifestyle score including six simple healthy habits was longitudinally and linearly associated with a substantially reduced risk of hypertension. This index may be a useful tool for hypertension prevention.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2019
Trends in cervical cancer incidence rates by age, race/ethnicity, histological subtype, and stage at diagnosis in the United States.
Recent trends of cervical cancer incidence by histology and age in the United States (U. S.) have not been reported. We examined contemporary trends in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) incidence rates in the U. ⋯ Rates of distant stage cervical SCC and AC among non-Hispanic whites increased in several age groups but were generally stable in non-whites. Increasing or stabilized incidence trends for AC and attenuation of earlier declines for SCC in several subpopulations underscore the importance of intensifying efforts to reverse the increasing trends and further reduce the burden of cervical cancer in the U. S.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2019
Comparative StudyUnited States' neighborhood park use and physical activity over two years: The National Study of Neighborhood Parks.
The United States lacks surveillance to monitor park use and conditions. The purpose of this study was to use the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) as a surveillance tool to describe the conditions, user characteristics, and physical activity of a national sample of neighborhood parks at two time points. Using a stratified multistage sampling strategy, a representative sample of 174 neighborhood parks in 25 major United States' cities were selected. ⋯ Empty target areas increased over two years (75.3%, 77.6%; p = 0.01) and those that were equipped (2.6%, 1.2%; p = 0.0003), accessible (95.4%, 94.3%; p = 0.01), and organized (2.6%, 1.7%; p = 0.01) decreased. Areas that were usable (97.5%, 97.4%) or provided supervised activities (2.0%, 2.4%) did not change significantly. The findings demonstrate the value of SOPARC as a surveillance tool, identify user groups under represented at parks, and suggest an opportunity to encourage more park-based physical activity among park visitors.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2019
Trends in colonoscopy and fecal occult blood test use after the introduction of dual screening offers in Germany: Results from a large population-based study, 2003-2016.
An increasing number of countries have recently introduced colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs. Typically, one specific screening exam, such as fecal occult blood test (FOBT) or flexible sigmoidoscopy, is offered as a primary screening test. We aimed to assess trends in FOBT and colonoscopy use in Germany following the introduction of the offer of screening colonoscopy as an alternative to FOBT in 2002. ⋯ By 2013-2016, 67.2% of respondents either had an FOBT within one to two years or a colonoscopy within 10 years, and this percentage had remained relatively stable over time. This study demonstrates a large increase in colonoscopy utilization since colonoscopy was included as an alternative primary screening test, which was accompanied by a substantial decline in FOBT use. Although the overall adherence to CRC screening recommendations remained stable, the substantial shift of share from FOBT to colonoscopy is expected to yield more protection against CRC incidence and mortality.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2019
Multisite HPV infections in the United States (NHANES 2003-2014): An overview and synthesis.
HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the U. S., infecting both anogenital and oral sites. Nationally representative data are collected through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). ⋯ There is strong evidence for reduced prevalence of vaccine genotypes (6, 11, 16, 18) in vaccinated men and women (ages 18-24) at both genital (RR 0.2 (0.1-0.3) in women and 0.7 (0.1-5.4) in men) and oral sites (RR 0.1 (0.0-1.3) in women; no infections detected in vaccinated men). A more complete picture of the burden of HPV in the U. S. is emerging, including evidence for reduced HPV genital and oral prevalence in vaccinated individuals.