Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2022
Where you live matters: Township neighborhood factors important to resilience among south African children from birth to 5 years of age.
This is a secondary analysis examining neighborhood factors predicting high rates of child resilience in South African Township neighborhoods. ⋯ This study applies a novel measure of resilience that is multidimensional and longitudinally defined. Living in formal housing with consistent access to food was associated with resilience. Migration to rural areas among families living in HPN suggests that rural areas could be protective.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2022
Review Meta AnalysisEffect of screen time intervention on obesity among children and adolescent: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.
Several studies have investigated the effect of screen time interventions on obesity in children and adolescents, but the existing results were controversial. This study aimed to analyze the effect of screen time intervention on obesity in children and adolescents. PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase databases were searched through December 2020 to identify publications meeting a priori inclusion criteria and references in the published articles were also reviewed. ⋯ The results showed that interventions targeting screen time are effective in reducing total screen time (MD: -6.90 h/week, 95% CI: [-9.19 to -4.60], p < 0.001) and television time (MD: -6.17 h/week, 95% CI: [-10.70 to -1.65], p < 0.001) in children and adolescents. However, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in body mass index and body mass index-z score. In conclusion, there is no evidence that screen time interventions alone can decrease obesity risk in children and adolescents, though they can effectively reduce screen time.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2022
Review Meta AnalysisWillingness, refusal and influential factors of parents to vaccinate their children against the COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
We aimed to estimate parents' willingness and refusal to vaccinate their children against the COVID-19, and to investigate the predictors for their decision. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. We searched Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and medrxiv from inception to December 12, 2021. ⋯ Parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against the COVID-19 is moderate and several factors affect this decision. Understanding parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy does help policy makers to change the stereotypes and establish broad community COVID-19 vaccination. Identification of the factors that affect parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 will provide opportunities to enhance parents' trust in the COVID-19 vaccines and optimize children's uptake of a COVID-19 vaccine.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2022
Prevalence and factors associated with self-reported exposure to secondhand cannabis smoke in the United States and Canada in 2019.
Little is known about exposure to secondhand cannabis smoke (SHCS) among residents of detached single-family homes and multiunit housing (MUH). Using data from the 2019 International Cannabis Policy Study, the prevalence of (a) self-reported exposure to SHCS at home (n = 33,024) and (b) self-reported SHCS incursions into MUH (defined as SHCS from another unit/the outdoors, n = 15,634) was estimated in (1) Canada; (2) US states where non-medical cannabis use was legal, and (3) US states where it remained illegal. Factors associated with exposures and incursions were assessed using weighted logistic regression. ⋯ One quarter (25.7%) of Canadian MUH residents, 26.6% from US legal states, and 20.1% from US illegal states reported at least monthly incursions. Sociodemographic factors associated with incursions suggested MUH residents reporting incursions lived in qualitatively different MUH than those not reporting incursions. Irrespective of the legality of non-medical cannabis use, smoke-free policies in MUH should protect residents from involuntary exposure to all types of secondhand smoke.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2022
ReviewBarriers and facilitators to the implementation of healthy eating, physical activity and obesity prevention policies, practices or programs in family day care: A mixed method systematic review.
Family day care (FDC) services provide care to young children typically within the carer's own home and represents a unique setting to deliver public health programs to improve child health. To support the implementation of programs targeting healthy eating, physical activity and obesity prevention in the FDC setting, an understanding of the factors influencing their implementation is required. This mixed methods systematic review aimed to describe the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of healthy eating, physical activity or obesity prevention policies, practices and programs (hereafter referred to as programs) in the FDC setting, and synthesise these according to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). ⋯ Of the 20 included studies, 16 reported barriers and facilitators mapped to the 'environmental contexts and resources' TDF domain; 10 reported barriers mapped to the 'social influences' TDF domain. Ten of the 12 qualitative studies and none of the quantitative or mixed method studies met all relevant MMAT criteria. This review comprehensively describes barriers and facilitators that need to be addressed to improve the implementation of healthy eating, physical activity and obesity prevention programs in FDC to ensure the expected health benefits of such programs reach children attending FDC.