Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
Social vulnerability and new mobility disability among adults with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2: Michigan COVID-19 recovery surveillance study.
Understanding the relationship between social factors and persistent COVID-19 health outcomes, such as onset of a disability after a SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) infection, is an increasingly important public health issue. The purpose of this paper is to examine associations between social vulnerability and new onset of a mobility disability post-COVID-19 diagnosis. ⋯ Mitigating the effects of social vulnerabilities requires additional resources and attention to support affected individuals.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
Global prevalence and content of information about alcohol use as a cancer risk factor on twitter.
Alcohol use is a major risk factor for several forms of cancer, though many people have limited knowledge of this link. Public health communicators and cancer advocates desire to increase awareness of this link with the long-term goal of reducing cancer burden. The current study is the first to examine the prevalence and content of information about alcohol use as a cancer risk on social media internationally. ⋯ Few social media messages about cancer types that can be linked to alcohol mention alcohol as a cancer risk factor. If public health communicators and cancer advocates want to increase knowledge and understanding of alcohol use as a cancer risk factor, efforts will need to be made on social media and through other communication platforms to increase exposure to this information over time.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
Social inequalities in trajectories of contacts with the healthcare system in adolescence and young adulthood.
Understanding of healthcare utilization of different populations is useful for prevention and prioritization of healthcare resources. This study aims to identify populations following different trajectories of contacts with the healthcare system and to describe social inequalities between the groups. ⋯ The observed trajectories of health service use and the social inequalities between trajectory groups highlight that prevention and treatment targeting the entire population will benefit from a complementary focus on social inequalities in health.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
Pedestrian-oriented zoning moderates the relationship between racialized economic segregation and active travel to work, United States.
Pedestrian-oriented zoning, including zoning code reforms (ZCR), may be especially beneficial to racially and economically segregated communities, which may lack built environment features that support physical activity. This study examined associations between racialized economic segregation, measured by quintiles of the Index of Concentration at the Extremes, and public transit (PTW) and active travel (ATW) to work, and whether associations were moderated by pedestrian-oriented zoning provisions and ZCR, respectively. ⋯ Pedestrian-oriented zoning can provide opportunities for ATW in the most deprived communities. Work is needed to explore zoning policy implementation in those communities.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
ReviewEffectiveness of filtering or decontaminating air to reduce or prevent respiratory infections: A systematic review.
Installation of technologies to remove or deactivate respiratory pathogens from indoor air is a plausible non-pharmaceutical infectious disease control strategy. ⋯ Although environmental and surface samples are reduced after air treatment by several air treatment strategies, especially germicidal lights and high efficiency particulate air filtration, robust evidence has yet to emerge that these technologies are effective at reducing respiratory or gastrointestinal infections in real world settings. Data from several randomised trials have yet to report and will be welcome to the evidence base.