Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
ReviewThe United States opioid crisis: Big pharma alone is not to blame.".
The opioid crisis in the United States continues essentially unabated, fueled by fentanyl contamination of the heroin supply and resulting in 79,770 reported opioid-involved overdose deaths in the calendar year 2022. To prevent another such crisis emerging, it is necessary to fully identify its root causes. ⋯ This review reminds the health care community that despite the deep pockets of the pharmaceutical industry and highly the organized efforts of the drug cartels, additional self-reflection is warranted to fully understand the true root causes of the current epidemic and ways to prevent similar epidemics in the future.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
ReviewEffectiveness of filtering or decontaminating air to reduce or prevent respiratory infections: A systematic review.
Installation of technologies to remove or deactivate respiratory pathogens from indoor air is a plausible non-pharmaceutical infectious disease control strategy. ⋯ Although environmental and surface samples are reduced after air treatment by several air treatment strategies, especially germicidal lights and high efficiency particulate air filtration, robust evidence has yet to emerge that these technologies are effective at reducing respiratory or gastrointestinal infections in real world settings. Data from several randomised trials have yet to report and will be welcome to the evidence base.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
ReviewEffectiveness of filtering or decontaminating air to reduce or prevent respiratory infections: A systematic review.
Installation of technologies to remove or deactivate respiratory pathogens from indoor air is a plausible non-pharmaceutical infectious disease control strategy. ⋯ Although environmental and surface samples are reduced after air treatment by several air treatment strategies, especially germicidal lights and high efficiency particulate air filtration, robust evidence has yet to emerge that these technologies are effective at reducing respiratory or gastrointestinal infections in real world settings. Data from several randomised trials have yet to report and will be welcome to the evidence base.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
ReviewSystems map of interventions to improve dietary intake of pre-school aged children: A scoping review.
Implementation and sustaining impact of early childhood nutrition interventions in practice remains a challenge. An understanding of the extent to which determinants across multiple levels of the food system are being addressed may improve success. This literature review aimed to synthesise the evidence on interventions targeting dietary intake and eating behaviours in preschool children using a systems approach. ⋯ These determinants had a Moderate research priority rating. Home Food Availability and Accessibility at the environmental level is classified as the highest research priority, however, only 15 of 160 interventions addressed this determinant. This review highlights home food availability and accessibility as potential leverage points for future interventions to improve children's dietary intake and eating behaviours.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
ReviewSystems map of interventions to improve dietary intake of pre-school aged children: A scoping review.
Implementation and sustaining impact of early childhood nutrition interventions in practice remains a challenge. An understanding of the extent to which determinants across multiple levels of the food system are being addressed may improve success. This literature review aimed to synthesise the evidence on interventions targeting dietary intake and eating behaviours in preschool children using a systems approach. ⋯ These determinants had a Moderate research priority rating. Home Food Availability and Accessibility at the environmental level is classified as the highest research priority, however, only 15 of 160 interventions addressed this determinant. This review highlights home food availability and accessibility as potential leverage points for future interventions to improve children's dietary intake and eating behaviours.