Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
Perceived racism and discrimination and youth substance use in the United States - Intersections with sex and ethnicity.
This study sought to examine associations between U.S. adolescents' perceived racism and discrimination (PRD) at school and current substance use. ⋯ Efforts to promote awareness and create support environments that value diversity and inclusivity at school are needed to mitigate adolescent exposure to racism and discrimination.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
Parenting practices, mental health, and electronic cigarette use among U.S. young adolescents: A longitudinal panel analysis, 2013-2018.
This study examined prospective association of parenting practices related to tobacco use with adolescent e-cigarette use and the moderating role of mental health among U.S. young adolescents. ⋯ Our findings highlight the important role of home-based interventions in discouraging young adolescents from e-cigarette use. Parents/guardians should consider adolescents' mental health to provide more efficient home- and/or clinical-based e-cigarette use prevention.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
ReviewThe cost-effectiveness of metformin in the US diabetes prevention program trial: Simple interpretations need not apply.
Based on previously published US Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) metformin continues to be promoted as "cost-effective." We review the DPP within-trial CEA to assess this claim. Treatment alternatives included placebo (plus standard lifestyle advice), branded metformin and individual lifestyle modification. We added generic metformin as an alternative. ⋯ That CEA and subsequent analyses and citations of such analyses continue to claim that both metformin and lifestyle modification are cost-effective in diabetes prevention based on DPP data. Using metformin implies substantial costs and health losses compared to the cost-effective lifestyle modification. It may be that metformin has a role in cost-effective diabetes prevention, but this has yet to be shown based on DPP data.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
Clustering of health risk behaviors in pregnant individuals: Data from the Brazilian risk factor surveillance system for non-communicable chronic diseases.
To investigate the clustering of health risk behaviors (HRB) and its association with demographics, physical exercise, overweight, perception of health, and diseases in Brazilian pregnant people. ⋯ Three HRB clustering patterns were found in this study. Greater maternal age, low education, and absence of physical exercises increased the chances of being in the high HRB cluster group. Participants with higher educational levels were less likely to be in the High HRB cluster.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2024
Prevalence of lifestyle-related behavioral information in claims data in the U.S.
Given their association with varying health risks, lifestyle-related behaviors are essential to consider in population-level disease prevention. Health insurance claims are a key source of information for population health analytics, but the availability of lifestyle information within claims data is unknown. Our goal was to assess the availability and prevalence of data items that describe lifestyle behaviors across several domains within a large U.S. claims database. ⋯ Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using claims data to identify key lifestyle behaviors. Additional research is needed to confirm the accuracy and validity of our approach and determine its use in population-level disease prevention.