Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
ReviewSchool-based physical activity interventions: which intervention characteristics are associated with participation and retention? A meta-analysis.
Many school-based intervention studies are conducted to increase students' physical activity (PA). Recruitment and retention problems potentially impact the robustness of RCT findings. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize recruitment and retention rates in long-term secondary school-based PA intervention studies and examined associated participant and intervention characteristics. ⋯ Recruitment and retention rates in school-based PA interventions are high. Some participant and intervention characteristics influence these rates: flexibility of the intervention, theory/model-based intervention, accelerometer use, intervention duration, continent, and number of females. Researchers should consider these characteristics in intervention development to achieve optimal balance between intervention effectiveness, recruitment, and retention.
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
Perception and reality: The mismatch between absolute and relative physical activity intensity during pregnancy and postpartum in United States women.
To explore whether a mismatch between absolute physical activity intensity (PAI) and relative self-reported PAI exists during pregnancy and postpartum. ⋯ Compared to absolute PAI, perceived PAI was greater for MPA compared to VPA and differences persisted from pregnancy through postpartum. Future research should focus on how perceptions relate to women's actual physiological capacity and whether this mismatch influences the amount of physical activity women engage in during the transition to motherhood.
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
The role of lifestyle factors in the association between early-life stress and adolescent psycho-physical health: Moderation analysis in two European birth cohorts.
Early-life stress (ELS) is an established risk factor for a host of adult mental and physical health problems, including both depression and obesity. Recent studies additionally showed that ELS was associated with an increased risk of comorbidity between mental and physical health problems, already in adolescence. Healthy lifestyle factors, including physical activity, sleep and diet have also been robustly linked to both emotional and physical wellbeing. However, it is yet unclear whether these lifestyle factors may moderate the association between ELS and psycho-physical comorbidity. ⋯ In conclusion, while we found some evidence that more frequent physical activity may be associated with a reduction in psycho-physical comorbidity, we did not find evidence in support of the hypothesised moderation effects. However, more research is warranted to examine how these associations may evolve over time.
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
State laws addressing teen dating violence in US high schools: A difference-in-differences study.
Teen dating violence (TDV) is prevalent with lifelong adverse consequences, and strategies to reduce its burden are needed. Many U.S. states have enacted laws to address TDV in schools, but few studies have examined their effectiveness. This study aimed to assess whether state TDV laws were associated with changes in physical TDV victimization among high school students. ⋯ We found no significant association between enactment of TDV laws and physical TDV among high school students. Further research is needed to understand how TDV laws are implemented and components of TDV laws that may influence effectiveness.
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
Genetic risk, adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors, and risk of cholelithiasis: A population-based cohort study.
Genetic and lifestyles contribute to cholelithiasis, but the impact of adhering to healthy lifestyle on cholelithiasis risk remains uncertain. We aimed to assess combined lifestyle factors and a polygenic risk score on incident cholelithiasis. ⋯ Our study highlights the importance of lifestyle behaviors intervention on cholelithiasis risk regardless of the genetic risk in White European population.