Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Application of a comprehensive disability measure: Disability prevalence among US veterans and non-veterans from the National Health Interview Survey Data from 2015 to 2018.
Current measures of condition-specific disabilities or those capturing only severe limitations may underestimate disability prevalence, including among Veterans. ⋯ Our disability metric demonstrates that Veterans have a higher disability prevalence than non-Veterans, and a higher prevalence than previously reported. Public policy and future research should consider this broader definition of disability to more fully account for the variable needs of people with disabilities.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Association between ethnicity, language and metformin prescriptions in U.S. community health center patients with diabetes.
Metformin treatment is a recommended first-line medication for patients with type 2 diabetes. Latino patients are subject to factors that may modify their level of diabetes care, including medication prescription. We evaluated the odds of and times to metformin prescription among non-Latino whites, English-preferring Latinos, and Spanish-preferring Latinos with diabetes. ⋯ Our analysis of metformin prescription patterns among non-Latino whites, English-preferring Latinos, and Spanish-preferring Latinos did not suggest a lower or slower tendency to prescribe metformin in Latino patients. Understanding disparities in diabetes diagnosis may require further investigation of medication adherence barriers, diet and exercise counseling, and multi-level influences on diabetes outcomes in Latino patients.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Systemic inflammation response index is associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in US adults with rheumatoid arthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stands as a persistent systemic inflammatory autoimmune condition. Despite this understanding, the precise impact of the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) on the prognosis of RA patients remains elusive. This study aims to elucidate the correlation between the inflammatory biomarker SIRI and both all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality among RA patients. ⋯ This study underscores a non-linear positive correlation between the biomarker SIRI and both all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in RA patients.
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The scale-up of evidence-based interventions is necessary to reverse high rates of obesity. However, scale-up doesn't occur frequently nor in a timely manner. While it has been estimated that takes 14-17 years for research translation to occur, the time taken to scale-up prevention interventions is largely unknown. This study examined the time taken to scale-up obesity prevention interventions across four scale-up pathways. ⋯ Our findings indicate that the scale-up of obesity prevention interventions can occur more quickly than previous estimates of 14-17 years. Our findings support previous research that scale-up of interventions occurs through a variety of pathways and often scale-up occurs in absence of prior evidence of effectiveness.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
ReviewDentists' knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of antibiotic prescribing: A systematic review.
This study aims to explore dentists' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding antibiotic use. ⋯ The review emphasizes that dentists' antibiotic prescribing is predominantly influenced by modifiable factors. This insight informs the potential for targeted interventions to curtail inappropriate antibiotic use, contributing to global efforts in reducing antibiotic resistance. The protocol of this systematic review can be found in PROSPERO under registration no. CRD42021253937.