Preventive medicine
-
Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
Daily steps, activity, sedentary and sleep behaviors associations with all-cause mortality: The ELSA-BRASIL study.
Although movement behaviors are linked to mortality risk, few studies investigated the associations between daily steps and movement behaviors and all-cause mortality in low- and middle-income countries. ⋯ In Brazilian adults, step count, total activity volume, MVPA, LPA, and sedentary behavior were non-linearly associated with lower mortality. Reallocating any time from other behaviors to MVPA predicted lower mortality.
-
Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
Chronic conditions, COVID-19 vaccination, and institutional trust among Hispanic/Latinx communities in San Diego, California.
Hispanic/Latinx populations have been disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. These populations are also more likely to have chronic conditions, putting them at higher risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Vaccination is important to reduce the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, but Hispanic/Latinx populations may be less likely to vaccinate due to institutional trust related to experiences of discrimination in healthcare and community disinvestment. Project 2VIDA! is a randomized clinical trial developed to respond to the need for increased trust and vaccine access among these populations in San Diego, California. Analyzing 2VIDA! data, this article seeks to better understand the relationship between chronic health conditions, institutional trust, and vaccination behaviors among a predominantly Hispanic/Latinx sample in San Diego. ⋯ Our findings suggest that widespread communication on the importance of vaccination for older Hispanic/Latinx populations with chronic conditions may have supported vaccination uptake. Targeted messaging and community-based approaches to build trust, combat misinformation, and increase vaccination uptake among younger individuals and Spanish-speakers are needed.
-
Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
Adverse childhood experiences and adult alcohol use during pregnancy - 41 U.S. jurisdictions, 2019-2023.
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are preventable, potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood. Alcohol use during pregnancy can result in miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth, and a range of lifelong behavioral, intellectual, and physical disabilities in the child. Limited research has examined the relationship between ACEs and alcohol use in pregnancy; available studies might not reflect current trends in this relationship. ⋯ Higher ACE exposure was associated with alcohol use during pregnancy. Steps can be taken to mitigate their potential harms. Clinical and community-level interventions can address ACEs, which might reduce alcohol use during pregnancy.
-
Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
Trends in modifiable risk factors for dementia among midlife adults in the United States: The National Health and nutrition examination survey 1999-2018.
Dementia has a large public health burden, and modifiable risk factors, particularly in midlife, may provide an opportunity for early prevention. We aimed to examine trends in age-adjusted prevalence of modifiable risk factors for dementia and the number of modifiable risk factors among midlife adults from 1999 to 2018. ⋯ The prevalence of diabetes and obesity increased in this large, nationally representative U.S. study population, while the prevalence of smoking decreased. More effective public health interventions are needed to mitigate the impact of these risk factors and ultimately reduce the burden of dementia in aging populations.
-
Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
Binge drinking and subsequent health and well-being among middled-aged Spanish adults: An outcome-wide analysis.
Binge drinking has been associated with higher risks of adverse physical health outcomes. Motivations behind binge drinking may involve seeking pleasure and social connectedness, which are important aspects of life that constitute well-being. However, studies that apply a holistic framework of well-being to understand binge drinking remain limited, especially in non-English speaking populations. ⋯ Our study provides novel insights into the complex and multifaceted relationship of binge drinking with health and well-being. Further research will enhance our understandings of binge drinking and inform culturally appropriate interventions that effectively mitigate its negative consequences.