Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
Association between physical activity-related metabolic signature and cardiometabolic diseases and multimorbidity: A cohort study from UK biobank.
Physical activity has protective effects on cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), but the role of metabolism related to physical activity in this process is unclear. ⋯ Physical activity-related metabolic signature is linked to reduced risks of CMDs and CMM. We once again emphasize the importance of physical activity for CMDs prevention from a metabolic perspective, especially for individuals at high genetic risk.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
Stage at diagnosis and cancer-specific survival for stomach, lung, colorectal, and bladder cancers among Armenians in California.
To observe stage at diagnosis and cancer-specific survival for common cancers among Armenians in California. ⋯ While Armenian patients were at greater risk of late-stage diagnoses of colorectal, lung, and stomach cancers, they had better survival compared to non-Armenian, non-Hispanic White patients. Further research is needed to understand factors impacting survival in Armenian individuals, including genetic, behavioral, and social factors. Our findings of lower nSES and public health insurance associated with late-stage diagnoses suggest a need for increased access to care and cancer screening among the Armenian population in California.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
Long working hours and cardiovascular disease mortality: Prospective evidence from the United States.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States (U.S.). This study aimed to explore prospective associations between long working hours with CVD mortality using a large, national study in the U.S. ⋯ Long working hours are a significant risk factor for CVD mortality in this national sample of U.S. workers, and participants with low socioeconomic status are more vulnerable to the effects of long working hours on CVD deaths. These findings highlight the need for considering working hour interventions in public health strategies to improve cardiovascular health outcomes in the workforce.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
Self-reported chronic rhinosinusitis diagnoses and symptoms in World Trade Center-exposed and non-World Trade Center-exposed United States firefighters.
Greater World Trade Center (WTC) exposure levels have been associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) diagnoses and symptoms. We aimed to determine whether self-reported CRS is elevated in WTC-exposed Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY) firefighters when compared with non-WTC-exposed/non-FDNY firefighters and with the general population. ⋯ WTC-exposure was associated with self-reported CRS diagnoses and symptoms in firefighters. Higher CRS diagnosis prevalence in the WTC-exposed cohort could be a result of exposure to irritants present at the WTC site, and may also be explained, in part, by the enhanced surveillance and healthcare WTC-exposed firefighters receive via the WTC Health Program. Elevated levels of CRS in firefighters overall could be due to routine, non-WTC-related firefighting exposures.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
Association of individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status with outcomes of a smoking cessation intervention provided in the lung cancer screening setting.
Lung cancer screening (LCS) offers a teachable moment for smoking cessation. This study assesses whether individual- or neighborhood-level SES is associated with tobacco abstinence and completion of a smoking cessation intervention in the LCS context. ⋯ Individual and neighborhood SES were not independently associated with the study outcomes in the multivariable analysis, but combinations of individual and neighborhood SES differentially affected treatment completion.