Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Secular trends of physical fitness in Austrian children attending sports schools: An analysis of repeated cross-sections from 2006 to 2023.
Physical fitness (PF) offers numerous physical and mental health benefits, especially during childhood. Previous studies investigating trends in children's PF over the years reported contradictory findings. ⋯ There has been a steady decline in PF among Austrian children attending sports schools. This finding underscores the need for enhanced PF monitoring and training in schools to improve public health outcomes.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Predicting oral and esophageal cancers by one model in a Chinese prospective cohort study.
Oral and esophageal cancers are both upper gastrointestinal cancers that share a number of risk factors. However, most previous risk prediction models only focused on one of these two types of cancer. There is no single model that could predict both cancers simultaneously. Our objective was to develop a model specifically tailored for oral and esophageal cancers. ⋯ This study identified the twelve most significant common risk factors for oral and esophageal cancers and developed a single prediction model that performs well for both types of cancer.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Perceptions of neighborhood disorder and gun carrying during adolescence: The indirect effect of exposure to violence.
As society strives to curb gun violence among adolescents, understanding the risk factors associated with gun carrying is of critical importance. The current study seeks to examine the relationship between perceived neighborhood disorder and adolescents' susceptibility to carrying a gun to school. More specifically, the aim of the current study was threefold: (1) to examine the direct relationship between perceived neighborhood disorder and exposure to violence, (2) to investigate the association between perceived neighborhood disorder and gun carrying, and (3) to test the mediating effect of exposure to violence on the relationship between perceived neighborhood disorder and gun carrying. ⋯ While neighborhood disorder is a risk factor for gun carrying among youth, exposure to violence explains the relationship between perceived neighborhood disorder and carrying a gun to school. To reduce the prevalence of gun carrying and gun violence among the adolescent population, mental health resources should be provided to those who reside in communities with high levels of disorder and violence.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Examining childhood and adulthood stressors as risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus in working pregnant individuals: A prospective cohort study.
This study aimed to examine the individual and joint associations of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and maternal work and non-work related stressors with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). ⋯ Among U.S. working pregnant individuals, having work stressors during pregnancy was associated with an elevated risk of developing GDM, particularly among those who had childhood experience of abuse.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Moral values and vaccination behavior in Russia during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Effective persuasive communication necessitates message matching; the conveyed message should resonate with the recipient's characteristics, including individual moral values. While studies examining the relationship between moral values and vaccination behavior have been conducted in a limited number of countries, this study seeks to provide evidence on this relationship beyond Western democracies. ⋯ Our findings carry public health implications; an understanding of the moral psychology underlying vaccination behavior can facilitate more targeted and effective health communication. Employing skillfully crafted moral appeals may mitigate negative attitudes toward vaccination and enhance vaccination rates.