Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Inequalities in exposure to second-hand smoke among adolescent boys and girls in 122 countries: Evidence from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey.
Secondhand smoke exposure (SHS) is a major modifiable risk factor for morbidity and premature mortality. No study has assessed inequalities by sex in SHS exposure among adolescents globally. This study aims to explore the variations in SHS exposure among adolescents globally based on sex. ⋯ These findings emphasize the disparities in SHS exposure between adolescent boys and girls and, hence, highlight the urgent need to strengthen smoke-free policies and adopt targeted policies to address them.
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This study examined the association between ikigai (a Japanese concept akin to purpose in life or a rationale for existence) and use of preventive healthcare services. ⋯ Higher ikigai is associated with preventive health measures, independent of key covariates. These findings are consistent with the literature on ikigai and better health-related outcomes and subjective well-being. Ikigai may help point to new ways to counter the low use of preventive services in Germany.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Examining childhood and adulthood stressors as risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus in working pregnant individuals: A prospective cohort study.
This study aimed to examine the individual and joint associations of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and maternal work and non-work related stressors with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). ⋯ Among U.S. working pregnant individuals, having work stressors during pregnancy was associated with an elevated risk of developing GDM, particularly among those who had childhood experience of abuse.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Association of vaping with respiratory symptoms in U.S. young adults: Nicotine, cannabis, and dual vaping.
Although studies have found nicotine and cannabis vaping to be individually associated with respiratory symptoms, little is known about the harm of dual vaping. We aim to assess the association of nicotine-only, cannabis-only, and dual vaping with respiratory symptoms. ⋯ Nicotine-only and cannabis-only vaping were associated with two respiratory symptoms while dual vaping with four. The elevated respiratory risk of dual vaping warrants future research on the underlying mechanisms of different vaping behaviors and respiratory outcomes.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Emotional barriers pose the greatest threat to cervical cancer screening for young adult women in the United Kingdom.
Low cervical screening coverage rate is the root-cause of cervical cancer mortality in the United Kingdom (UK), with 99 % of deaths being considered preventable. Research has consistently categorised reasons for non-attendance into emotional, practical, and cognitive barriers. Despite this, public health interventions have been unable to improve coverage rates. We propose a lifespan perspective is needed, to enable targeted interventions at appropriate milestones (i.e., common life events) during a woman's life. We start this lifespan perspective by investigating the perceived barriers young women report, who have and have not yet been invited to their first cervical screen (i.e., a common life event). ⋯ Emotional barriers pose the greatest threat to cervical screening attendance in young adult women. Interventions should start at school to encourage cervical screening to be viewed as routine healthcare. Future research should continue a lifespan perspective, indexed to common life events.