Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Review Meta AnalysisA systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of minimally supervised home and community exercise interventions in improving physical activity, body adiposity and quality of life in adults living with HIV.
People living with HIV (PLWH) are physically inactive and risk cardiometabolic dysfunction. Home and community exercise (HCE) is pragmatic, cost-effective and improves health in varied chronic conditions. This review aimed to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of minimally supervised HCE for physical activity (PA), adiposity, quality of life (QoL), and other physical and psychological health indices for PLWH. ⋯ Minimally supervised HCE can improve PA, body fat, physical QoL and other health indices in PLWH.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Human papillomavirus-associated cancers, precancers, and genital warts in Denmark, 2000-2022 - Current burden of disease and population impact of multi-cohort HPV vaccination.
We present incidence trends of cancer and precancer at human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated sites, and genital warts, including the current burden of HPV-associated disease in Denmark, a country with multi-cohort HPV vaccination. ⋯ Danish data show decreased incidence of cervical lesions and genital warts in the post-vaccine era. Despite population impact of HPV vaccination, HPV-associated disease remains a public health issue and increasingly among men.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Randomized Controlled TrialOrganized cervical cancer screening: A randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of sending invitation letters.
To evaluate the effect of implementing two modalities of organized Cervical Cancer Screening (CCS) program on screening uptake after a six-month delay. ⋯ The implementation of an organized screening based on an invitation letter resulted in a modest increase in participation among non-adherent women six months later.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Predicting oral and esophageal cancers by one model in a Chinese prospective cohort study.
Oral and esophageal cancers are both upper gastrointestinal cancers that share a number of risk factors. However, most previous risk prediction models only focused on one of these two types of cancer. There is no single model that could predict both cancers simultaneously. Our objective was to develop a model specifically tailored for oral and esophageal cancers. ⋯ This study identified the twelve most significant common risk factors for oral and esophageal cancers and developed a single prediction model that performs well for both types of cancer.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Moral values and vaccination behavior in Russia during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Effective persuasive communication necessitates message matching; the conveyed message should resonate with the recipient's characteristics, including individual moral values. While studies examining the relationship between moral values and vaccination behavior have been conducted in a limited number of countries, this study seeks to provide evidence on this relationship beyond Western democracies. ⋯ Our findings carry public health implications; an understanding of the moral psychology underlying vaccination behavior can facilitate more targeted and effective health communication. Employing skillfully crafted moral appeals may mitigate negative attitudes toward vaccination and enhance vaccination rates.