Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
ReviewPrevalence of cervical human papillomavirus in kidney transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the prevalence of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and, furthermore to compare it to that in immunocompetent controls. ⋯ This meta-analysis establishes an increased cervical hrHPV prevalence in KTRs compared to controls. The increased risk may be associated with immunosuppressive therapy post-transplantation. Further research is needed to explore the potential benefits of HPV vaccination, including potential revaccination strategies in KTRs.
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
ReviewThe validity of instruments to measure knowledge in population-based cancer screening targeting individuals at average risk - A systematic review.
Relevant knowledge is essential for informed choices about (non)participation in population-based cancer screening. Many instruments have been proposed to assess residents' knowledge about cancer screening programmes but their measurement properties are unknown. This systematic review aims to identify and critically evaluate the measurement properties of instruments to measure knowledge about cancer screening in individuals eligible for population-based screening. ⋯ This systematic review identified no instruments to measure knowledge about cancer screening where the measurement properties were sufficiently evaluated. There is a lack of focus on content validity and structural validity, and further validation of the instruments is needed. The results indicate a lack of shared understanding or agreement of what constitutes relevant knowledge about cancer screening.
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
ReviewSchool-based physical activity interventions: which intervention characteristics are associated with participation and retention? A meta-analysis.
Many school-based intervention studies are conducted to increase students' physical activity (PA). Recruitment and retention problems potentially impact the robustness of RCT findings. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize recruitment and retention rates in long-term secondary school-based PA intervention studies and examined associated participant and intervention characteristics. ⋯ Recruitment and retention rates in school-based PA interventions are high. Some participant and intervention characteristics influence these rates: flexibility of the intervention, theory/model-based intervention, accelerometer use, intervention duration, continent, and number of females. Researchers should consider these characteristics in intervention development to achieve optimal balance between intervention effectiveness, recruitment, and retention.
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Preventive medicine · May 2024
ReviewInclusion of marginalized populations in HPV vaccine modeling: A systematic review.
Models simulating the potential impacts of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine have been used globally to guide vaccination policies and programs. We sought to understand how and why marginalized populations have been incorporated into HPV vaccine simulation models. ⋯ Incorporating marginalized populations into decision models can provide valuable insights to guide decision making and improve equity in cancer prevention. More research is needed to understand the equity impact of HPV vaccination on cancer outcomes among marginalized groups. Research should emphasize implementation - including identifying and evaluating specific interventions to increase HPV vaccine uptake.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2024
ReviewFactors associated with child and adolescent electronic nicotine and non-nicotine delivery systems use: A scoping review.
To identify, characterise and broadly synthesise factors associated with child and adolescent electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and/or electronic non-nicotine delivery systems (ENNDS) ever-use and/or current use. ⋯ The evidence base on factors associated with ENDS/ENNDS use in children and adolescents is rapidly developing, predominately by research concentrated in high income regions and focused on behavioural- and personality-related factors.