Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialFinancial incentives and proactive calling for reducing barriers to tobacco treatment among socioeconomically disadvantaged women: A factorial randomized trial.
Improved strategies and scalable interventions to engage low-socioeconomic status (SES) smokers in tobacco treatment are needed. We tested an intervention designed to connect low-SES smokers to treatment services, implemented through Minnesota's National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (Sage) in 2017; the trial was designed to last 3 months (July through October). Participants were female smokers who were 250% below the federal poverty level (randomized N = 3723; analyzed N = 3365). ⋯ Direct mail with moderate incentives or proactive calling can successfully encourage connections to population-based tobacco treatment services among low-SES smokers. The intervention could be disseminated to similar programs serving low-SES populations. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03760107).
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialThe effects of message framing and healthcare provider recommendation on adult hepatitis B vaccination: A randomized controlled trial.
Many adults in the U. S. do not receive recommended vaccines, and the research literature remains inconclusive on the best communication strategies for increasing this behavior. This study examined the association of message framing (gained-framed vs. loss-framed vs. control), and healthcare provider (HCP) recommendation (offered vs. recommended) on uptake of adult hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in a high risk population using a 3 × 2 block design randomized controlled trial. ⋯ This study has implications for vaccine uptake beyond HBV, and can inform future research on effective vaccine communication research. Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00739752. Registration date: August 20, 2008.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialNatural American Spirit's pro-environment packaging and perceptions of reduced-harm cigarettes.
Natural American Spirit (NAS) cigarettes feature a pro-environment marketing campaign on the packs. The NAS "Respect for the Earth" campaign is the first example of on-the-pack corporate social responsibility advertising. In a randomized survey design, we tested perceptions of NAS relative to other cigarette brands on harms to self, others, and the environment. ⋯ The NAS advantage was significant irrespective of smoking status, pack color, and brand order, with findings stronger for current than never smokers. Pro-environmental marketing on NAS cigarette packs contributes to misperceptions that the product is safer for people and the environment than other cigarettes and made by a company that is more socially responsible. Stricter government regulations on the use of pro-environment terms in marketing that imply modified risk are needed.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2019
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyEffects of a prevention program on multiple health-compromising behaviours in adolescence: A cluster randomized controlled trial.
We aimed to assess the effectiveness of 'Paesaggi di Prevenzione', a school-based prevention program delivered by trained teachers and designed to tackle smoking, alcohol misuse, dietary risks, and physical inactivity in adolescence. We evaluated the program between 2010 and 2013 with a two-arm, parallel-group, multicentre cluster randomized controlled trial in which schools were the units of randomization. We collected data on health-compromising behaviours using self-reported measurements of behaviour frequency administered before and after program implementation. ⋯ The program had iatrogenic effects in regard to some eating behaviours, resulting in (i) lower odds of fruit consumption among middle-school students (odds ratio [OR] 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68-0.99) and (ii) lower odds of having breakfast every day in high-school students at the post-intervention measurement (OR 0.76; 95%CI 0.58-0.99) but not at one-year follow-up (OR 0.94; 95%CI 0.69-1.28). Due to the possibility of unintended effects, we advise against disseminating 'Paesaggi di Prevenzione' in its present form. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN00953701.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2019
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyA 3-step intervention to improve adherence to cervical cancer screening: The SCAN randomized controlled trial.
The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of a stepwise intervention with an increasing level of complexity and cost to increase adherence to organized cervical cancer screening. This was a randomized (1: 1) controlled trial, conducted among 13 Portuguese primary health care units. Participants (n = 1220) were women aged 25-49 years, eligible for cervical cancer screening, with a mobile phone number available. ⋯ In conclusion, adherence to cervical cancer screening was higher by 17% among women invited through the 3-step intervention, compared to those receiving the standard invitation letter. The former strategy has the potential to be broadly implemented due to the low requirements of technology and training. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03122275.