Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
Review Meta AnalysisSchool-based environment and physical activity in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of school environmental factors in promoting adolescents' physical activity. ⋯ This meta-analysis demonstrates the role of school environment in promoting adolescents' physical activity. School social environmental factors, including school-offered daily physical education, school-organized extracurricular physical activities, encouragement to use sports resources, and outdoor obstacle courses, are particularly effective in enhancing adolescents' physical activity. Among school physical environmental factors, the number of physical activity facilities was found to be a key factor in promoting adolescents' physical activity.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
ReviewAdherence to recommended blood-based screening tests for cancer and chronic diseases: A systematic literature review.
Blood-based tests represent a compelling option for early detection and management of cancers and other chronic diseases. While they may increase patient engagement, assumptions about greater adherence in clinical practice need further evaluation. This systematic review aimed to evaluate real-world adherence to established blood-based tests for commonly recommended screening indications to inform expectations for average-risk colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. ⋯ Real-world adherence to recommended blood-based screening is suboptimal. Future research is needed to determine whether these findings are generalizable to blood-based CRC screening and to assess how such a strategy could impact clinical, economic, and health equity outcomes.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
Illicit drug use among adolescents and young adults with impairments in the US: A cross-sectional analysis of the National Survey on Drug Use And Health.
The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis is to compare the degree to which adolescents and adults with and without impairments in the US engage in illicit drug use. ⋯ Overall, individuals with impairments were more than twice as likely to engage in illicit drug use compared to counterparts. People with impairments were younger, on average, when they first tried any illicit drugs.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
Proximity to public transportation and incidence of depression risk among older adults: A three-year longitudinal analysis from the Japan Gerontological evaluation study.
Depression in older adults has been associated with environmental factors, such as green spaces and walkable neighborhoods; however, evidence on the relationship between proximity to public transportation and mental health is scarce. This multi-municipality longitudinal study examined the association between proximity to public transportation and risk of depression among older adults and considered car usage. ⋯ Subjective limited access to public transport was significantly associated with the risk of depression among older adults without car usage. Hence, improving and maintaining transportation infrastructure may mitigate the risk of depression.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
Relationship between self-rated health, physical frailty, and incidence of disability among Japanese community-dwelling older adults: A longitudinal prospective cohort study.
Poor self-rated health (SRH) and physical frailty are both significant predictors of disability in older adults, but their joint association on health outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationship between SRH, physical frailty, and incidence of disability among community-dwelling older adults. ⋯ Frail older adults who report good health were associated with the risk of disability, suggesting that discrepancies between subjective and objective health assessments may lead to adverse outcomes. Recognizing and addressing these discrepancies is crucial to promote successful aging.