Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
ReviewAdherence to recommended blood-based screening tests for cancer and chronic diseases: A systematic literature review.
Blood-based tests represent a compelling option for early detection and management of cancers and other chronic diseases. While they may increase patient engagement, assumptions about greater adherence in clinical practice need further evaluation. This systematic review aimed to evaluate real-world adherence to established blood-based tests for commonly recommended screening indications to inform expectations for average-risk colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. ⋯ Real-world adherence to recommended blood-based screening is suboptimal. Future research is needed to determine whether these findings are generalizable to blood-based CRC screening and to assess how such a strategy could impact clinical, economic, and health equity outcomes.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
Proximity to public transportation and incidence of depression risk among older adults: A three-year longitudinal analysis from the Japan Gerontological evaluation study.
Depression in older adults has been associated with environmental factors, such as green spaces and walkable neighborhoods; however, evidence on the relationship between proximity to public transportation and mental health is scarce. This multi-municipality longitudinal study examined the association between proximity to public transportation and risk of depression among older adults and considered car usage. ⋯ Subjective limited access to public transport was significantly associated with the risk of depression among older adults without car usage. Hence, improving and maintaining transportation infrastructure may mitigate the risk of depression.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
U.S. national trends in cervical cancer screening by sexual orientation and race/ethnicity in cisgender women.
Changes in up-to-date cervical cancer screening (CCS) over time by sexual orientation and race/ethnicity were estimated to identify trends in screening disparities. ⋯ In 2021 there were approximately 19.72 million women aged 21-65 who were not up-to-date with CCS. 1.76 million LGB women were not up-to-date for CCS, and a greater proportion of these women identified as non-Hispanic Black/African American. CCS must be improved for all cisgender women, and specific attention should be given to those who identify as LGB and/or Black/African American.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
Exploring the determinants to accept dementia screening among patients at high risk of dementia based on the theory of planned behavior: A cross-sectional study.
Dementia represents a major public health challenge. Despite numerous initiatives promoting screening for early cognitive impairment to help prevent or delay its onset, participation remains limited. Moreover, there is limited evidence regarding screening intentions and predictors among populations at high risk of dementia. This study used the theory of planned behavior to identify modifiable factors associated with screening participation. ⋯ PBC, subjective norm, and attitudes are associated with dementia screening willingness among high-risk groups. Healthcare professionals and policymakers should focus on enhancing favorable attitudes toward screening, increasing familial encouragement, and reducing perceived barriers to developing effective prevention or intervention strategies.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2025
Long working hours and cardiovascular disease mortality: Prospective evidence from the United States.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States (U.S.). This study aimed to explore prospective associations between long working hours with CVD mortality using a large, national study in the U.S. ⋯ Long working hours are a significant risk factor for CVD mortality in this national sample of U.S. workers, and participants with low socioeconomic status are more vulnerable to the effects of long working hours on CVD deaths. These findings highlight the need for considering working hour interventions in public health strategies to improve cardiovascular health outcomes in the workforce.