Preventive medicine
-
Preventive medicine · Jun 2019
Review Multicenter StudyRecent progress in children's meals law in restaurants in Baltimore City and California State: Making a healthy beverage option the default choice.
In July 2018, Baltimore became the largest US city to prohibit restaurants from including sugar-sweetened beverages on kids' menus. In September 2018, California made history by becoming the first US state to require either water or milk as the default beverage with children's meals at all restaurants. Supporters of children's meals laws view them as helping to change the culture of health on beverage preferences and subtly influencing the choices of patrons. ⋯ The laws in Baltimore and California, along with the other jurisdictions that have passed similar legislation, reflect a growing understanding - among restaurant owners, community members and policymakers alike - of the importance of feeding children healthy meals. They also signal that making healthier beverages the default option on children's menus is gaining strength in the US. Cities and states across the country should consider enacting similar laws as part of a greater public health initiative to combat the childhood obesity epidemic.
-
Preventive medicine · Jun 2019
Multicenter StudyThe association between the receipt of primary care clinician provision of preventive care and short term health behaviour change.
Primary healthcare services are recommended to provide preventive care to address chronic disease risk behaviours. However, all care elements are infrequently provided, and there is a need to understand the impact of partial care provision on behaviour change. This study examined the association between variable levels of preventive care receipt from primary care clinicians on short-term behaviour change for four risk behaviours. ⋯ Receipt of both assessment and advice increased the odds of behaviour change, compared to no care, for all behaviours except smoking, ranging from 2.32 (physical inactivity, 95% CI 1.60-3.35) to 2.83 (alcohol consumption, 95% CI 1.84-4.33). Receipt of 'assessment only' increased the odds of behaviour change, compared to no care, for inadequate fruit and/or vegetable consumption (OR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.60-3.59) and physical inactivity (OR = 2.81, 95% CI 1.89-4.17). Results highlight the importance of primary care clinicians providing best practice preventive care to maximise client behaviour change.
-
Preventive medicine · Jun 2019
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyA 3-step intervention to improve adherence to cervical cancer screening: The SCAN randomized controlled trial.
The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of a stepwise intervention with an increasing level of complexity and cost to increase adherence to organized cervical cancer screening. This was a randomized (1: 1) controlled trial, conducted among 13 Portuguese primary health care units. Participants (n = 1220) were women aged 25-49 years, eligible for cervical cancer screening, with a mobile phone number available. ⋯ In conclusion, adherence to cervical cancer screening was higher by 17% among women invited through the 3-step intervention, compared to those receiving the standard invitation letter. The former strategy has the potential to be broadly implemented due to the low requirements of technology and training. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03122275.
-
Preventive medicine · Jun 2019
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyCharacteristics of storefront tobacco advertisements and differences by product type: A content analysis of retailers in New York City, USA.
Tobacco companies in the U. S. spend billions of dollars advertising at the point-of-sale. Using photographs of storefront tobacco ads in New York City (NYC), we conducted a content analysis to describe the prevalence of common features across four product categories and illuminate ways in which they may influence behavior. ⋯ Cigarette ads still dominate at the point-of-sale with regard to volume and size. Across all products, ad features did not always align with local and federal policies (e.g., flavor bans, warning label mandates). Continued surveillance of advertising strategies and policy compliance can help provide the evidence base needed to inform marketing regulations that reduce the deadly burden of tobacco use.
-
Preventive medicine · Jun 2019
Multicenter StudyCoffee consumption and mortality in Japanese men and women: A pooled analysis of eight population-based cohort studies in Japan (Japan Cohort Consortium).
Coffee consumption is increasing globally. We aimed to assess the effect of coffee consumption on the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a pooled analysis of eight population-based cohort studies in Japan (Japan Cohort Consortium). Data came from eight Japanese cohort studies (144,750 men and 168,631 women). ⋯ Coffee consumption was not associated with cancer in both sexes. Results were similar among male current smokers and female never-smokers. Based on available data, this pooled analysis suggests that coffee consumption under five cups per day may be beneficial for reducing the risk of mortality due to major causes.