Preventive medicine
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The age-standardised rate of cervical cancer is 8.5 per 100,000 in England, double the WHO "elimination" goal of 4.0 per 100,000, despite England being close to the target coverage for both HPV vaccination and cervical screening. Our aim was to see whether trends in mortality and incidence rates suggest that England is on the path to elimination. ⋯ Raising the age of starting screening from 20 to 25 transiently increased incidence and mortality in women born 1984-1990. Vaccination may enable the NHS to reach its target for cervical cancer incidence of 4.0 per 100,000 by 2040. Whether the switch from cytology to primary HPV testing in 2019 will reduce rates among unvaccinated women born before 1991 is not yet clear.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2025
Cholesterol screening by nativity status in pediatric patients receiving care in United States community-based clinics.
Accumulation of cardiovascular risks begins early in life. Some experts recommend cholesterol screening for children aged nine to 11. Latinos living in the U.S. have a high burden of cardiovascular disease and risk factors, and this is further influenced by birthplace, yet information on early screening for cardiovascular disease in this group is sparse. ⋯ Cholesterol screening was low overall in these community-based clinic patients but differed by ethnicity and nativity status. There is opportunity for further research on outcomes in Latino children to inform guidelines for early screening for cardiovascular health.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2025
Disparities in prenatal care utilization among racial/ethnic and nativity subgroups in the United States.
To evaluate disparities in prenatal care among granular (disaggregated) racial/ethnic subgroups overall and by nativity. ⋯ Significant disparities in first trimester prenatal care initiation and adequacy exist based on race/ethnicity and nativity, with the largest disparities among NHPI individuals. These findings highlight the need for focused public health interventions to address disparities in prenatal care access and quality, ultimately promoting both infant and maternal health equity.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2025
ReviewFinancial incentives for physical activity in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis update.
To update the evidence on the effects of financial incentives (FI) on physical activity (PA) in adults. ⋯ Twenty-nine studies were identified over a 6-year span. Short-term FI interventions increase PA. The impact on daily step count is clinically significant (≥1000 steps/day). Key contextual factors moderate effects. Evidence is limited regarding long-term and follow-up effects.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2025
Ethnic belonging and chronic disease in Indigenous populations in Canada.
Indigenous peoples in Canada endure health inequalities and cultural erosion due to colonial legacies. This study examines the relationship between ethnic belonging and chronic disease patterns among three Indigenous groups: First Nations, Inuit, and Métis. ⋯ This study underscores the critical role of ethnic belonging in enhancing health among Indigenous populations, particularly in reducing odds associated with mental and severe health conditions. Policies and community practices should focus on strengthening Indigenous peoples' community belonging and cultural connections.