Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
Review Meta Analysis Comparative StudyCultural relevance in medication adherence interventions with underrepresented adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes.
This meta-analysis systematically compiles intervention research designed to increase medication adherence among underrepresented adults. ⋯ The modest magnitude of improvements in medication adherence behavior documents the need for further research with clear testing of cultural relevance features.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
Multicenter StudyAssociation of environment and policy characteristics on children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and time spent sedentary in afterschool programs.
Afterschool programs are an important setting in which to promote children's physical activity. This study examines the association of environmental and policy characteristics on the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior of children attending afterschool programs. ⋯ Findings indicate that policies and size of activity space had limited influence on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior, suggesting that a programmatic structure may be a more effective option to improve moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels of children attending afterschool programs.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyThe impact of Playworks on students' physical activity during recess: findings from a randomized controlled trial.
To evaluate the impact of Playworks on students' physical activity during recess. ⋯ Teachers in Playworks schools reported that students were more active during recess, but accelerometer and student survey measures showed either no impacts or marginally significant impacts.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
Observational StudyNon-melanoma skin cancer and NSAID use in women with a history of skin cancer in the Women's Health Initiative.
Evidence for the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) risk is inconsistent. We prospectively examined whether regular, inconsistent, or no/low-use of NSAIDs is associated with lower NMSC risk among 54,728 postmenopausal Caucasian women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study enrolled between 1993 and 1998. ⋯ Overall, NSAID use was not associated with NMSC risk. However, in women with a history of skin cancer, regular NSAID use was associated with 18% lower odds of NMSC. Future studies on potential chemopreventative effects of NSAIDs should focus on subjects with prior history of NMSC.
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Joint use policies (JUP) encourage shared facility use, usually between schools and a city or private organization, for both physical activity-related and non-physical activity-related programs. Little is known about JUP's impact on physical activity (PA). This study examined whether more specific JUPs were associated with increased PA and decreased sedentary behavior (SB) in adolescents. ⋯ JUPS may have small influences on adolescent physical activity behavior. Future longitudinal studies should be conducted to examine the impact of JUPs in conjunction with other physical activity-related policies and environmental changes to determine what impact they have on overall adolescent physical activity and sedentary behavior.