Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
How does the emotive content of televised anti-smoking mass media campaigns influence monthly calls to the NHS Stop Smoking helpline in England?
To investigate the effects of different types of televised mass media campaign content on calls to the English NHS Stop Smoking helpline. ⋯ While positive campaigns were most effective at increasing quitline calls, those with negative emotive content were also found to impact on call rates but only at higher levels of exposure.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
Review Meta AnalysisPhysical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in children: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
To assess the effects of physical activity interventions in preventing cardiovascular risk factors in childhood through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). ⋯ As physical activity intervention programs lasting longer than 6months are associated with reductions in blood pressure levels and triglycerides, they should be considered to be included in prevention programs for cardiovascular diseases in schoolchildren.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
ReviewThe relationship between sedentary behaviour and physical activity in adults: a systematic review.
To ascertain, through a systematic review, the associations between sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical activity (PA) among adults aged 18-60years. Studies published in English up to and including June 2013 were located from computerized and manual searches. Studies reporting on at least one measure of SB and an association with one measure of PA were included. 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. ⋯ Findings of this review suggest inverse associations between SB and PA were weak to moderate. Objective monitoring studies reported larger negative associations between SB and light intensity activity. Current evidence, though limited, supports the notion that sedentary behaviour displaces light intensity activity.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
ReviewA systematic review of health effects of electronic cigarettes.
To provide a systematic review of the existing literature on health consequences of vaporing of electronic cigarettes (ECs). ⋯ Due to many methodological problems, severe conflicts of interest, the relatively few and often small studies, the inconsistencies and contradictions in results, and the lack of long-term follow-up no firm conclusions can be drawn on the safety of ECs. However, they can hardly be considered harmless.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
Does active commuting improve psychological wellbeing? Longitudinal evidence from eighteen waves of the British Household Panel Survey.
The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between active travel and psychological wellbeing. ⋯ The positive psychological wellbeing effects identified in this study should be considered in cost-benefit assessments of interventions seeking to promote active travel.