La Revue de médecine interne
-
Sleep medicine and internal medicine share a global and transdisciplinary vision of human physiology and illnesses, with an approach guided by the complaint and semiology. In France, approximately 13 to 18 million individuals suffer from a sleep disorder: these disorders therefore represent a public health problem. Their comorbidities with systemic autoimmune diseases are frequent. As such, this article suggests an approach to screening for sleep disorders in daily clinical practice of internal medicine leading, when appropriate, to request specialized diagnostic and/or therapeutic care in sleep medicine to substantially improve patients' quality of life.
-
The incidence of systemic autoimmune diseases is constantly rising. They are chronic diseases requiring prolonged treatment, with considerable psychosocial impact. ⋯ After clarifying the various stages that make up this pre-disease state, using the prototypical example of systemic lupus erythematosus, we will apply a transdisciplinary and transpathological approach to describe comparatively recent data obtained for other systemic autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome and systemic scleroderma). We will then discuss the practical implications of this new paradigm in the typical consultation of a potentially "pre-sick" individual, and on the prospects opened up by this new paradigm in care and research.
-
[Atypical and/or systemic dermatologic disorders related to immune checkpoint inhibitors: A review].
Immunological checkpoint inhibitors are now part of the oncological therapeutic arsenal in many solid cancers and malignant blood diseases, at the cost of immuno-mediated toxicities, of which dermatological disorders are among the most frequent. The most common, following treatment with anti-PD1 or anti-CTLA4, are maculopapular erythema, pruritus, vitiligo, or lichenoid lesions, but other more atypical conditions may lead to the internist being called upon. Here, we present a case series of these less common dermatological manifestations including fasciitis, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, granulomatosis and immune-induced vasculitis. Some manifestations appear similar to the primary forms or seem to correspond to paraneoplastic syndromes, but some diagnostic and therapeutic particularities are specific to ICI toxicity that the internist must be aware of.
-
Delirium, also known as acute confusional state, is an acute brain disorder characterized by cognitive disturbances, particularly attentional deficits, potential behavioral changes, and altered vigilance, with a sudden onset and fluctuating course. It is a common condition among hospitalized older patients and has serious consequences for the patient, their family, and the healthcare system. ⋯ This narrative review aims to describe the symptoms that allow the diagnosis of delirium in older adults, the available diagnostic or screening tools, as well as the complex and bidirectional relationships between delirium and dementia. The management of delirium, including non-pharmacological measures, will be discussed, along with symptomatic pharmacological treatments, which should be reserved for severe cases despite their low level of evidence.