European journal of radiology
-
With artificial intelligence (AI) precipitously perched at the apex of the hype curve, the promise of transforming the disparate fields of healthcare, finance, journalism, and security and law enforcement, among others, is enormous. For healthcare - particularly radiology - AI is anticipated to facilitate improved diagnostics, workflow, and therapeutic planning and monitoring. And, while it is also causing some trepidation among radiologists regarding its uncertain impact on the demand and training of our current and future workforce, most of us welcome the potential to harness AI for transformative improvements in our ability to diagnose disease more accurately and earlier in the populations we serve.
-
Iodinated contrast media (ICM) induced acute kidney injury (AKI) accounts for 11% of cases of AKI and is its third most common cause in hospitalized patients. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet completely understood. The nephrotoxicity of ICM is partly the consequence of a direct cytotoxic effect on renal tubular epithelial and endothelial cells. ⋯ Preventive measures have reduced the incidence of AKI over the last ten years. After an overview of the pathophysiology of the renal toxicity of ICM, we review risk factors and scores, diagnosis, and means of prevention in the light of the 2018 European Society of Urogenital Radiology and the 2018 American College of Radiology guidelines and recent studies on the subject. In addition, a side-by-side comparison of the updated and less conservative guidelines from the Radiology community and the more cautionary attitude from the Nephrology community are also presented.
-
The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence/deep learning technology and its implementation into routine clinical imaging will cause a major transformation to the practice of radiology. Strategic positioning will ensure the successful transition of radiologists into their new roles as augmented clinicians. This paper describes an overall vision on how to achieve a smooth transition through the practice of augmented radiology where radiologists-in-the-loop ensure the safe implementation of Artificial Intelligence systems.
-
Review
Anterior cruciate ligament fixation devices: Expected imaging appearance and common complications.
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a commonly performed orthopaedic procedure which has increased in frequency over the past decade. There are a variety of fixation devices used to secure grafts within the femoral and tibial tunnels during the reconstruction procedure. An understanding of the expected appearance of the varied hardware utilized for reconstruction graft fixation, and their potential complications is important in the review of post-operative imaging. We describe the most common anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction fixation devices and illustrate their more frequently documented abnormalities.
-
By 2050 it is projected that 115 million people worldwide will have Alzheimer's Disease (AD) [1]. Recent attempts have been made to redefine the diagnostic criteria of AD to include markers of neurodegeneration - measurable by FDG-PET - and markers of amyloid accumulation - measurable by amyloid-PET. ⋯ Both techniques have been shown to detect AD with high sensitivity and specificity compared to other neurodegenerative processes and cognitively normal age-matched individuals. However, future studies with standardised, uniform thresholds and a lengthier longitudinal follow-up need to be conducted to allow us to make surer conclusions about the future role of PET in clinical practice. In addition, comparison with post-mortem diagnosis, rather than clinical diagnosis with its acknowledged flaws, would result in more powerful statistical outcomes - which is becoming increasingly important given that several disease-modifying AD drugs are now in phase 3 trials.