Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
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Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry · Jan 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialAssessment of non-BDNF neurotrophins and GDNF levels after depression treatment with sertraline and transcranial direct current stimulation in a factorial, randomized, sham-controlled trial (SELECT-TDCS): an exploratory analysis.
The neurotrophic hypothesis of depression states that the major depressive episode is associated with lower neurotrophic factors levels, which increase with amelioration of depressive symptoms. However, this hypothesis has not been extended to investigate neurotrophic factors other than the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We therefore explored whether plasma levels of neurotrophins 3 (NT-3) and 4 (NT-4), nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) changed after antidepressant treatment and correlated with treatment response. ⋯ Also, baseline plasma levels were not associated with clinical response. To conclude, in this 6-week placebo-controlled trial, NT-3, NT-4, NGF and GDNF plasma levels did not significantly change with sertraline or tDCS. These data suggest that these neurotrophic factors are not surrogate biomarkers of treatment response or involved in the antidepressant mechanisms of tDCS.
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Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry · Mar 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces cigarette consumption in schizophrenia patients.
High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) seemed to decrease tobacco consumption and craving in nicotine-dependent people without psychiatric disorder or otherwise healthy people. Even if the prevalence of cigarette smoking in schizophrenia patients is high and estimated to be between 45% and 88%, this technique has not been systematically studied in this indication in schizophrenia yet. ⋯ High-frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC has the ability to decrease the number of cigarettes smoked in schizophrenia patients.
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Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry · Jan 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialNeural mechanism of placebo effects and cognitive reappraisal in emotion regulation.
The present study compared learning-based placebo effect and cognition-based reappraisal, to reveal the common and unique neural mechanisms between the two emotion regulations. First, the anxiety-relieving effect was tested by conducting a behavioral experiment. ⋯ Our results show that learning-based placebo effect and cognition-based reappraisal have common anxiety-relieving effects. The placebo effect mainly depends on direct pathway subgenual cingulate-amygdala to regulate emotions, whereas the reappraisal may rely on both indirect pathways, such as the dorsal PFC-subgenual cingulate-amygdala, and direct pathways, such as the ventral lateral PFC-amygdala to regulate emotions.
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Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry · Jun 2011
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyA comparative study of paliperidone palmitate and risperidone long-acting injectable therapy in schizophrenia.
This open-label, rater-blinded, parallel-group study was designed to evaluate noninferiority of paliperidone palmitate (PP), a once-monthly injectable atypical antipsychotic, to once-biweekly risperidone long-acting injectable (RIS-LAI) in adult Chinese patients with acute schizophrenia. Eligible Chinese adults (N=452) with schizophrenia were randomized (1:1) to either PP (N=229; deltoid injections on day 1 [150 mg eq.] and day 8 [100 mg eq.]; then once-monthly deltoid or gluteal injections, flexibly dosed [50, 100, or 150 mg eq.]), or RIS-LAI (N=223; once-biweekly gluteal injections, flexibly dosed [25, 37.5 or 50 mg]). RIS-LAI-treated patients received oral risperidone supplementation (1-6 mg/day) at initiation and with RIS-LAI dose increases. ⋯ The most common TEAEs were akathisia, tremor, and insomnia. The study demonstrated the noninferiority of PP (50-150 mg eq., flexibly dosed, without oral paliperidone supplementation) to risperidone-LAI (25-50 mg, flexibly dosed, with oral risperidone supplementation) for the treatment of acute schizophrenia in adult Chinese patients. PP injections were generally tolerable, and no new safety signals were detected in this population.
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Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry · Dec 2008
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialA 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of donepezil adjunctive treatment to risperidone in chronic and stable schizophrenia.
There is considerable incentive to develop new treatment strategies that effectively target cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. One of the theoretically promising novel treatment candidates is acetylcholinesterase inhibitors that increase the synaptic levels of cholinergic, nicotinic, and muscarinic receptor activity. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of donepezil as an adjuvant agent in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia in particular for cognitive impairments. ⋯ The donepezil group had significantly greater improvement in the negative symptoms over the 12-week trial. There were no differences between the donepezil and placebo groups on any neurocognitive assessments at endpoint (week 12). The present study indicates donepezil as a potential adjunctive treatment strategy for negative symptoms of chronic schizophrenia.