Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
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Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry · Jul 2021
ReviewLarge-scale network dysfunction in youths with Internet gaming disorder: a meta-analysis of resting-state functional connectivity studies.
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has been defined as a specific behavioral disorder, associated with abnormal interactions among large-scale brain networks. Researchers have sought to identify the network dysfunction in IGD using resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). However, results across studies have not reached an agreement yet and the mechanism remains unclear. ⋯ The results suggest that individuals with IGD show large-scale functional network alteration which underpins their core symptoms including poor emotional competence, cue-reactivity and craving, habitual addictive behaviors and impaired executive control. Whether the compensation mechanism exists in IGD is discussed, and further research is needed. The findings provide a neurocognitive network model of IGD, which may serve as functional biomarkers for IGD and have potentials for development of effective diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
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Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry · Jun 2021
ReviewNutritional and therapeutic approaches for protecting human gut microbiota from psychotropic treatments.
Emerging evidence highlighted the essential role played by the microbiota-gut-brain axis in maintaining human homeostasis, including nutrition, immunity, and metabolism. Much recent work has linked the gut microbiota to many psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease. Shared gut microbiota alterations or dysbiotic microbiota have been identified in these separate disorders relative to controls. ⋯ Still, the antibiotic-like effect of psychotropic drugs, medications used for the treatment of these disorders, on gut microbiota is largely neglected. In this review, we summarize the current findings on the impact of psychotropics on gut microbiota and how their antimicrobial potency can trigger dysbiosis. We also discuss the potential therapeutic strategies, including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal transplantation, to attenuate the dysbiosis related to psychotropics intake.
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Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry · Apr 2021
ReviewThe prevalence of anxiety and depression among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: An umbrella review of meta-analyses.
Healthcare workers, who are at the forefront of the fight against COVID-19, are particularly susceptible to physical and mental health consequences such as anxiety and depression. The aim of this umbrella review of meta-analyses is to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. ⋯ This umbrella review shows that the prevalence of anxiety and depression is relatively high among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare workers should be provided with resources to minimize this risk.
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Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry · Apr 2021
Meta AnalysisPrevalence of anxiety in health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid systematic review (on published articles in Medline) with meta-analysis.
During the COVID-19, healthcare workers are exposed to a higher risk of mental health problems, especially anxiety symptoms. The current work aims at contributing to an update of anxiety prevalence in this population by conducting a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. Medline and Pubmed were searched for studies on the prevalence of anxiety in health care workers published from December 1, 2019 to September 15, 2020. ⋯ The pooled prevalence of anxiety in healthcare workers was 25% (95% CI: 21%-29%), 27% in nurses (95% CI: 20%-34%), 17% in medical doctors (95% CI: 12%-22%) and 43% in frontline healthcare workers (95% CI: 25%-62%). Our results suggest that healthcare workers are experiencing significant levels of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially those on the frontline and nurses. However, international longitudinal studies are needed to fully understand the impact of the pandemic on healthcare workers' mental health, especially those working at the frontline.
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Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry · Jul 2020
Review Meta AnalysisNoninvasive brain stimulation in alcohol craving: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Alcohol dependence (AD) is characterized by a set of physical and behavioral symptoms, which may include withdrawal, tolerance and craving. Recently, noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods, namely transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), have been investigated as possible new therapeutic approaches for adjusting the pathological neuroplasticity involved in alcohol dependence. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the therapeutic uses of tDCS and rTMS in AD patients. ⋯ There is no evidence for a positive effect of tDCS/rTMS on various dimensions of AD. We need more randomized, double blind, sham controlled trials with enough follow-up periods to evaluate the efficacy of tDCS/rTMS for alcohol dependence treatment.