Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
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Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry · Jun 2013
Neuroanatomical pattern classification in a population-based sample of first-episode schizophrenia.
Recent neuroanatomical pattern classification studies have attempted to individually classify cases with psychotic disorders using morphometric MRI data in an automated fashion. However, this approach has not been tested in population-based samples, in which variable patterns of comorbidity and disease course are typically found. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy (DA) of the above technique to discriminate between incident cases of first-episode schizophrenia identified in a circumscribed geographical region over a limited period of time, in comparison with next-door healthy controls. ⋯ The spatial map discriminating first-episode schizophrenia patients from healthy controls revealed a complex pattern of regional volumetric abnormalities in the former group, affecting fronto-temporal-occipital gray and white matter regions bilaterally, including the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, as well as the third and lateral ventricles. However, an overall modest DA (73.4%) was observed for the individual discrimination between first-episode schizophrenia patients and controls, and the classifier failed to predict 1-year prognosis (remitting versus non-remitting course) of first-episode schizophrenia (DA=58.3%). In conclusion, using a "real world" sample recruited with epidemiological methods, the application of a neuroanatomical pattern classifier afforded only modest DA to classify first-episode schizophrenia subjects and next-door healthy controls, and poor discriminative power to predict the 1-year prognosis of first-episode schizophrenia.
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Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry · Jun 2013
ReviewPerioperative delirium and its relationship to dementia.
A number of serious clinical cognitive syndromes occur following surgery and anesthesia. Postoperative delirium is a behavioral syndrome that occurs in the perioperative period. ⋯ There are serious concerns as to whether either postoperative delirium or postoperative cognitive dysfunction leads to dementia. These concerns are reviewed in this article.
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Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry · Apr 2013
ReviewPutative neuroprotective agents in neuropsychiatric disorders.
In many individuals with major neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, their disease characteristics are consistent with a neuroprogressive illness. This includes progressive structural brain changes, cognitive and functional decline, poorer treatment response and an increasing vulnerability to relapse with chronicity. ⋯ This paper reviews the potential of the most promising of these agents, including lithium and other known psychotropics, aspirin, minocycline, statins, N-acetylcysteine, leptin and melatonin. These agents are putative neuroprotective agents for schizophrenia and mood disorders.
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Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry · Mar 2013
Grooming analysis algorithm: use in the relationship between sleep deprivation and anxiety-like behavior.
Increased anxiety is a classic effect of sleep deprivation. However, results regarding sleep deprivation-induced anxiety-like behavior are contradictory in rodent models. The grooming analysis algorithm is a method developed to examine anxiety-like behavior and stress in rodents, based on grooming characteristics and microstructure. ⋯ Variables from the grooming analysis algorithm were successful in distinguishing sleep-deprived and normal sleep animals regarding anxiety-like behavior. The grooming analysis algorithm and traditional measures were strongly correlated. In conclusion, the grooming analysis algorithm is a reliable method to assess the relationship between anxiety-like behavior and sleep deprivation.
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Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry · Mar 2013
Decreased interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity in first-episode, drug-naive major depressive disorder.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is shown to have structural and functional abnormalities in specific brain areas and connections by recent neuroimaging studies. However, little is known about the alterations of the interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity (FC) in patients with MDD. In the present study, we used a newly developed voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) method to investigate the interhemispheric FC of the whole brain in patients with MDD at rest. ⋯ Our results suggest that decreased VMHC in brain regions within DMN may underlie the pathogenesis of MDD.