Annales françaises d'anesthèsie et de rèanimation
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Ann Fr Anesth Reanim · Dec 2013
Review[Ambulatory surgery in France: Practical and medicolegal considerations.]
In France, ambulatory anaesthesia and surgery seem to be well codified. Many recommendations have been published by the Health Authority and the professional associations: they are summarized in this review. However, numerous practical problems persist: for example, two situations specific to paediatric practice are problematic parental comprehension and application of the information provided and poor access to strong analgesics outside the hospital. Despite this, the paediatric population is an ideal target for ambulatory care because of its usual good health and quicker recovery after minor injury as proven by the small percentage of failure and readmission.
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Ann Fr Anesth Reanim · Dec 2013
Review[Interest of the cholinesterase assay during organophosphate poisonings.]
Cholinesterases are the main targets of organophosphorus compounds. The two enzymes present in the blood (butyrylcholinesterase, BChE; acetylcholinesterase, AChE) are biomarkers of their systemic toxicity. ⋯ Better biomarker of the exposure, it allows a diagnosis of the severity of the poisoning and helps to assess the efficacy of oxime therapy. Besides the practical aspects of blood collection and sample processing, and the interpretation of the assays, this review stresses the complementarity of both enzyme assays and recalls their crucial interest for the confirmation of poisoning with an organophosphorus in a situation of war or terrorist attack and for the monitoring of occupational exposures.
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Ann Fr Anesth Reanim · Nov 2013
Review Meta Analysis[Pathophysiology and management of post-cardiac arrest syndrome.]
This review aims at providing an update on post-cardiac arrest syndrome, from pathophysiology to treatment. ⋯ If ongoing evaluations should shed light on potential efficiency of new therapeutic drugs, a multidisciplinary approach of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome in expertise centre is essential.
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Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is considered a standard of care in the post-resuscitation phase of cardiac arrest. In experimental models of traumatic brain injury (TBI), TH was found to have neuroprotective properties. However, TH failed to demonstrate beneficial effects on neurological outcome in patients with TBI. ⋯ The control of the rewarming phase is crucial to avoid temperature overshooting and should not exceed 1°C/day. Besides its use in the management of intracranial hypertension, therapeutic cooling is also essential to treat hyperthermia in brain-injured patients. In this review, we will discuss the benefit-risk balance and practical aspects of therapeutic temperature management in TBI patients.
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Ann Fr Anesth Reanim · Oct 2013
Review Guideline[Management of major bleeding complications and emergency surgery in patients on long-term treatment with direct oral anticoagulants, thrombin or factor-Xa inhibitors. Proposals of the Working Group on Perioperative Haemostasis (GIHP) - March 2013.]
New direct oral anticoagulants (NOAC), inhibitors of factor IIa or Xa, are expected to be widely used for the treatment of venous thromboembolic disease, or in case of atrial fibrillation. Such anticoagulant treatments are known to be associated with haemorrhagic complications. Moreover, it is likely that such patients on long-term treatment with NOAC will be exposed to emergency surgery or invasive procedures. ⋯ However, these tests do not really assess drug concentration or bleeding risk. In case of severe haemorrhage in a critical organ, it is proposed to reduce the effect of anticoagulant therapy using a nonspecific procoagulant drug (activated prothrombin concentrate, FEIBA, 30-50U/kg, or non-activated 4-factors prothrombin concentrates 50U/kg). For any other type of severe haemorrhage, the administration of such a procoagulant drug, potentially thrombogenic in these patients, will be discussed regarding concentration of NACO and possibilities for mechanical haemostasis.