Annales françaises d'anesthèsie et de rèanimation
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Ann Fr Anesth Reanim · Jun 2007
Review[Prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children. An evidence-based approach].
Significant improvement towards an efficacious control of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) has taken place recently. These improvements may be summarised using the "rule of three". That rule describes a pragmatic and rational approach of PONV control. ⋯ Among the most promising molecules are butyrophenones (droperidol, haloperidol), 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists (ondansetron, dolasetron, tropisetron, granisetron), and steroids (for instance, dexamethasone). The lack of relevant paediatric PONV data remains a major drawback and is highly unsatisfactory. Hopefully, future research will further improve the control of PONV not only in adults but also in children.
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The use of ketamine for paediatric sedation-anaesthesia-analgesia is still growing despite the availability of adequate alternatives. Based on the literature, the present work will briefly review the well-known properties underlying the widespread use of this drug in this particular clinical situation. In adult patients, the use of ketamine as a new element of the balanced anaesthesia-analgesia is also ever growing. ⋯ This work questions the existence of such benefits in the paediatric population. Finally, the "dark side" of ketamine will be discussed. Experimental studies on developing brain clearly demonstrate that this old anaesthetic is a potent trigger for pathologic neuronal apoptosis.
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Ann Fr Anesth Reanim · Jun 2007
Case Reports[Tracheal rupture after orotracheal intubation in intensive care].
We report a case of an iatrogenic tracheal rupture following an endotracheal intubation. The 78-year-old patient was admitted to the intensive care unit because of an acute respiratory failure related to a severe nosocomial pneumonia occurring 21 days after an abdominal aorta surgery. ⋯ A thoracic computed tomography with multiplanar reformations confirmed the diagnosis and the evolution was unfortunately rapidly unfavourable. Risk factors, clinical and radiological aspects, and management of this rare but serious complication of endotracheal intubation will be discussed.