Heart & lung : the journal of critical care
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effects of iced and room temperature injectate on cardiac output measurements in critically ill patients with low and high cardiac outputs.
To determine the effect of injectate temperature (iced or room temperature) on cardiac output values in critically ill adults with low and high cardiac outputs. ⋯ Although research is clearly needed to substantiate these findings, we suggest that nurses use iced injectate in patients with low and high cardiac outputs (< or = 3.5 L/min or > or = 8.0 L/min) to ensure accurate measurement of cardiac output.