Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
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Chronic pulmonary thromboembolism is mainly a consequence of incomplete resolution of pulmonary thromboembolism. Increased vascular resistance due to obstruction of the vascular bed leads to pulmonary hypertension. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is clearly more common than previously was thought, and misdiagnosis is common because patients often present with nonspecific symptoms related to pulmonary hypertension. ⋯ The parenchymal signs include scars, a mosaic perfusion pattern, focal ground-glass opacities, and bronchial anomalies. The presence of one or more of these radiologic signs arouses suspicion and allows diagnosis of this entity. Early recognition of chronic pulmonary thromboembolism may help improve the outcome, since the condition is potentially curable with pulmonary thromboendarterectomy.
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Fatty liver disease is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the United States. Noninvasive detection and quantification of fat is becoming more and more important clinically, due in large part to the growing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. ⋯ Several magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-based techniques--including chemical shift imaging, frequency-selective imaging, and MR spectroscopy--are currently in clinical use for the detection and quantification of fat-water admixtures, with each technique having important advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. These techniques permit the breakdown of the net MR signal into fat and water signal components, allowing the quantification of fat in liver tissue, and are increasingly being used in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of fatty liver disease.