Clinical nutrition : official journal of the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
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Gastric emptying is determined by food consistency, pH, osmolality, lipid and calorie content as well as the presence of different nutrients in the duodenal lumen. Control of gastric emptying is essential for ensuring optimal digestion. The present study tested the hypothesis that due to its different precipitation properties, gastric emptying of camel's milk may be quicker than that of bovine's milk with the same caloric and fat content. ⋯ Camel's milk is most probably not a useful substitute for other types of milk to shorten gastric emptying.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Is supplementation with elemental diet feasible in patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy?
Acute gastrointestinal upset occurs in approximately 80% of patients undergoing radiotherapy for pelvic cancers. Underlying changes relate to denudation of the mucosal layer which renders the small intestine vulnerable to additional damage from proteolytic enzymes and bile acids. Severe acute bowel symptoms may predispose to progressive fibrotic and ischaemic changes. Elemental diet given during treatment may reduce acute and chronic bowel symptoms induced by pelvic radiotherapy. ⋯ Different formulations of elemental diet do not influence compliance. Patients are unlikely to be able to consume more than one-third of their calorie requirements in the form of an elemental sip feed. Further investigation is warranted to determine if intervention with this volume of elemental diet is beneficial.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of "preoperative" oral carbohydrate treatment on insulin action--a randomised cross-over unblinded study in healthy subjects.
Preoperative intake of a clear carbohydrate-rich drink reduces insulin resistance after surgery. In this study, we evaluated whether this could be related to increased insulin sensitivity at the onset of surgery. Furthermore, we aimed to establish the optimal dose-regimen. ⋯ A carbohydrate-rich drink enhances insulin action 3 h later by approximately 50%. Enhanced insulin action to normal postprandial day-time level at the time of onset of anaesthesia or surgery is likely to, at least partly, explain the effects on postoperative insulin resistance.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effects of perioperative parenteral glutamine-dipeptide supplementation on plasma endotoxin level, plasma endotoxin inactivation capacity and clinical outcome.
We evaluated perioperative plasma endotoxin, plasma soluble CD14 molecule (sCD14), plasma endotoxin inactivation capacity (EIC) changes and clinical outcome after glutamine was provided in parenteral feedings to patients on whom gastrointestinal operations were performed using a prospective, randomized, double-blind study design. ⋯ Perioperative parenteral nutrition supplemented with dipeptide alanyl-glutamine ameliorated postoperative immunodepression without direct effect on endotoxemia.
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Comment Letter Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Preoperative administration of carbohydrates and insulin results in lesser amino acid consumption.