Clinical nutrition : official journal of the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
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Depression is a major debilitating health problem with high global prevalence. Gut microbiota dysbiosis might be implicated in pathophysiology of depression. Hence, probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics (psychobiotics) have been administered in clinical trials in attempt to relieve depressive symptoms. This update systematic review aimed to evaluate the current body of research concerning the effects of psychobiotics on depression. ⋯ CRD42018107356.
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Review Meta Analysis
Falls among older adults with sarcopenia dwelling in nursing home or community: A meta-analysis.
To assess and quantify sarcopenia as a risk for falls among community-dwelling older people and nursing home older persons. ⋯ The present study found that sarcopenia is a risk factor for falls among community-dwelling older people, but not among nursing home older persons. Future research is needed to provide evidence for specific interventions aimed at treating sarcopenia and preventing falls among older adults dwelling in the community.
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Several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have investigated the effect of l-carnitine supplementation on lipid profile and glycaemic control in adults with cardiovascular risk factors; however, the results were conflicting. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the effect of l-carnitine on lipid profile and glycaemic control in adults with cardiovascular risk factors. ⋯ This meta-analysis showed that l-carnitine supplementation could improve lipid profile levels, particularly in doses more than 1500 mg/day. More RCTs with large sample sizes, focusing on gut microbiome profiles and dietary patterns are needed to better understand the effect of l-carnitine on patients with cardiovascular risk factors.
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Data about the effects of cinnamon supplementation on obesity measures are conflicting. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to summarize the effects of cinnamon intake on body weight (BW), Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), and fat mass (FM) in adults. ⋯ Cinnamon supplementation significantly affects obesity measures. It could be recommended as a weight-reducing supplement in obesity management.
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Malnutrition in older adults results in significant personal, social, and economic burden. To combat this complex, multifactorial issue, evidence-based knowledge is needed on the modifiable determinants of malnutrition. Systematic reviews of prospective studies are lacking in this area; therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to investigate the modifiable determinants of malnutrition in older adults. ⋯ There are multiple potentially modifiable determinants of malnutrition however strong robust evidence is lacking for the majority of determinants. Better prospective cohort studies are required. With an increasingly ageing population, targeting modifiable factors will be crucial to the effective treatment and prevention of malnutrition.