Clinical nutrition : official journal of the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
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There is scarce information about immune function and parenteral fish oil (FO). The influence of a new parenteral lipid emulsion (LE) containing fish oil (SMOF) was experimentally evaluated on neutrophils' chemotaxis and macrophages' phagocytosis. ⋯ LE, independently of composition, had no influence on neutrophils' chemotaxis, but showed different effect on phagocytosis by macrophages. SMOF LE had neutral effect while fish oil LE enriched with MCT/LCT LE increased resident-macrophages' phagocytosis.
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To possibly investigate the validity of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) in predicting muscle dysfunction among the uncomplicated elderly when coupled and compared with short dietary assessment. ⋯ The validity of GNRI in predicting muscle dysfunction is confirmed also in the uncomplicated elderly. Though, oral intake appears an even better predictor. A frequent evaluation of its changes should be considered, particularly when concomitant high risk (GNRI<92) is scored.
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Acute inflammatory response does not affect erythrocyte concentrations of copper, zinc and selenium.
Measuring the nutritional status of trace elements in plasma is invalidated in the presence of a systemic inflammatory response. We examined the potential of erythrocytes to assess copper, zinc and selenium status in such situations. ⋯ Plasma concentrations of copper, zinc and selenium are unreliable markers of status in patients with an acute inflammatory response. Erythrocyte concentrations of these trace elements may provide a more reliable measure in long-term studies of patients with a chronic systemic inflammatory response. Iron can be used instead of haemoglobin as the denominator when expressing erythrocyte concentrations of trace elements.
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The aim of this study was to compare prescription and delivery of nutrition to predefined nutritional targets, and identify risk factors associated with inadequate nutritional intake. ⋯ Nutritional therapy should be started in the early phase of critical illness, including adequate supply of protein. In order to prevent deficits to accumulate, parenteral nutrition should be added in an early phase, if nutritional needs cannot be met by enteral nutrition.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A diet enriched in eicosapentanoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid and antioxidants in the prevention of new pressure ulcer formation in critically ill patients with acute lung injury: A randomized, prospective, controlled study.
Pressure ulcers are a significant burden in the ICU. Many factors have found to be associated with pressure ulcers including malnutrition. While it has been recognized that high protein diets decrease the incidence of pressure ulcers, the role of lipids as well as vitamins and antioxidants remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive and healing effects of an enteral diet enriched in eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and vitamins (vitamins A, C and E) on pressure ulcers. ⋯ A diet enriched with EPA, GLA and vitamins A, C and E is associated with a significantly lower occurrence of new pressure ulcers in critically ill patients with acute lung injury.