Clinical nutrition : official journal of the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of hypocaloric diets with different glycemic indexes on endothelial function and glycemic variability in overweight and in obese adult patients at increased cardiovascular risk.
The role of glycemic index of the diet in glucose control and cardiovascular prevention is still not clear. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of hypocaloric diets with different glycemic indexes and glycemic loads on endothelial function and glycemic variability in nondiabetic participants at increased cardiovascular risk. ⋯ ISRCTN56834511.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Four-week parenteral nutrition using a third generation lipid emulsion (SMOFlipid)--a double-blind, randomised, multicentre study in adults.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerance of a soybean/MCT/olive/fish oil emulsion in intestinal failure patients on long-term parenteral nutrition. 73 patients took part in a randomized, double-blind, multi-centre study. The study demonstrates that the lipid emulsion containing four different types of oils is safe and well tolerated in long-term PN. ⋯ Soybean/MCT/olive/fish emulsion was safe and well tolerated over 4 weeks and leads to positive change in fatty acids profile.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Novel multi-sugar assay for site-specific gastrointestinal permeability analysis: a randomized controlled crossover trial.
Increased gastrointestinal (GI) permeability is an important hallmark of many conditions, potentially leading to antigen exposure and sepsis. Current permeability tests are hampered by analytical limitations. This study aims to compare the accuracy of our multi-sugar (MS) and the classical dual sugar (DS) test for detection of increased GI permeability. ⋯ Sensitive permeability analysis is feasible in plasma and urine using MS or DS test. In contrast to the DS test, monosaccharide excretion is not decreased by the MS test. In short, the MS test provides accurate, site-specific information on gastroduodenal, small, and large intestinal permeability. Registered at US National Library of Medicine (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00943345).
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Perioperative perturbations in carnitine metabolism are attenuated by preoperative carbohydrate treatment: Another mechanism by which preoperative feeding may attenuate development of postoperative insulin resistance.
Fasting increases lipid flux into mitochondria causing excessive β-oxidation, carnitine acylation and impaired cellular glucose uptake. Preoperative carbohydrate treatment (PCT) attenuates postoperative insulin resistance, but mechanisms underlying this and the effects on carnitine metabolism remain largely unknown. ⋯ Preventing excessive/incomplete mitochondrial β-oxidation, characterised by perturbed carnitine metabolism, may be a mechanism by which PCT attenuates the reduction in postoperative insulin sensitivity.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effect of perioperative glucose control on postoperative insulin resistance.
Postoperative insulin resistance and the consequent hyperglycemia affects clinical outcome. Insulin sensitivity may be modulated by preoperative nutrition, adequate pain management and minimal invasive surgery. This study aims to disclose the impact of perioperative glucose control on postoperative insulin resistance. ⋯ This trial revealed a significant difference in postoperative insulin resistance in the group treated with insulin during surgery.