The American journal of emergency medicine
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Handovers of care are necessary, yet a vulnerable time for patient safety. They can either reduce the risk of medical error during transitions of care or cause direct medical or financial harm to patients due to poor communication. ⋯ Descriptive themes of disrespect & disinterest, environmental factors, redundancy, poor recall, conflicting goals and perspectives, technological issues, information degradation, information loss, lack of standardization, lack of training, delays, and lack of feedback were identified as barriers to effective EMS to ED handovers. Three categories of interventions were identified across the included interventional studies, namely technological, educational, and changes to cultural customs.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparison of effectiveness coolant spray and placebo in patients with acute ankle trauma prospective randomized controlled trial.
Coolant spray application in musculoskeletal injuries is an effective and harmless method to treat pain and reduce functional limitation. This study assessed the clinical value of coolant spray application on patient comfort before and during the radiographic imaging process along with its early analgesic and anti-edema effects. ⋯ The radiographic images taken after coolant spray intervention in patients with acute ankle trauma were more successful in showing the target structures.