European journal of anaesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
The effective duration of analgesia after intrathecal morphine in patients without additional opioid analgesia: a randomized double-blind multicentre study on orthopaedic patients.
To know whether the application of patient-controlled analgesia devices could be avoided if intrathecal morphine is given in combination with spinal anaesthesia. ⋯ Intrathecal morphine in a dose of 0.1 and 0.2 mg provides effective analgesia for up to 48 h without any need for systemic opioids at all in many patients.