The Clinical journal of pain
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There have been considerable advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. There is still a lack of consensus about the optimal therapeutic strategy of such conditions, however. Drugs are generally selected on the basis of their established efficacy in randomized controlled studies in etiologically based groups of patients. ⋯ More specific therapeutic strategies based on precise quantified assessment of the various components of neuropathic pain are now increasingly used and may provide insight regarding the effects of treatments of particular symptoms (e.g., allodynia, hyperalgesia). In some cases, such assessment may also help to analyze the mechanisms involved in pain, thus allowing selection of treatment on a more rational basis. A mechanism-based approach seems promising for clinical research studies, although its application in current management remains challenging.
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In almost every neuropathic pain state caused by peripheral nerve damage, whether due to trauma or disease, both structural damage and an inflammatory response exist. ⋯ These data suggest the possibility of an important interaction between the immune system and the nervous system in neuropathic pain and suggest that drugs modulating the immune system may be useful therapies in at least some neuropathic pain states.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Amitriptyline and fluphenazine in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia.
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a vexing problem occurring in 10 to 20 percent of people with from herpes zoster (shingles). Anecdotal reports show that fluphenazine enhances the effects of amitriptyline for the treatment of PHN. The aim of this study was to determine, in a controlled manner, whether this was the case. ⋯ These data support the effectiveness of amitriptyline in treatment of PHN, but do not support the addition of fluphenazine.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Use of virtual reality for adjunctive treatment of adult burn pain during physical therapy: a controlled study.
The pain experienced by burn patients during physical therapy range of motion exercises can be extreme and can discourage patients from complying with their physical therapy. We explored the novel use of immersive virtual reality (VR) to distract patients from pain during physical therapy. ⋯ Results provided preliminary evidence that VR can function as a strong nonpharmacologic pain reduction technique for adult burn patients during physical therapy and potentially for other painful procedures or pain populations.
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The goal of this study was to assess physician consultation and use of medication in Dutch children and adolescents (0-18 years old) having chronic pain in relation to sociodemographic factors and pain characteristics. ⋯ Chronic pain is a common complaint in children and adolescents, frequently resulting in consultation of a physician and medication use. Regarding physician consultation, children and adolescents with a lower educational level seem to be a group at risk.