The Clinical journal of pain
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What is the role of psychological factors in chronic pain and chronic pain disability? ⋯ Because of the small number of studies, there was inadequate evidence that chronic pain results from a prior psychiatric disorder (level 4a). The studies provided limited evidence (level 3) that chronic depression plays a role in the development of new pain locations (although not for low back pain); that prior nervousness and past negative life events predict work disability; and that depression, anxiety, and a sense that control rests outside of one's own self may predict slower recovery from pain and disability. These findings do not prove that psychological factors have a role in the development of chronic pain. Psychological impairment may precede the onset of pain. Based on current knowledge, it may also arise as a complication of chronic pain.
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The purpose of this review was to determine how effective exercise is in the treatment of chronic pain. ⋯ Exercise is effective for the management of chronic low back pain for up to 1 year after treatment and for fibromyalgia syndrome for up to 6 months (level 2). There is conflicting evidence (level 4b) about which exercise program is effective for chronic low back pain. For chronic neck pain and for chronic soft tissue shoulder disorders and chronic lateral epicondylitis, evidence of effectiveness of exercise is limited (level 3).
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This study examined the effects of peripheral nerve block with high-concentration tetracaine for the management of trigeminal neuralgia, and evaluated sensory function by measuring the postblock current perception threshold. ⋯ Peripheral nerve block with high-concentration tetracaine is a relatively safe and useful technique in the management of trigeminal neuralgia, particularly among older patients and those with systemic problems.
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The primary aim of this study was to describe pain characteristics, coping strategies, depression, and functional disability in children and adolescents with chronic pain and to examine potential factors that are associated with functional disability in a pediatric pain population. The secondary aim of this study was to compare functional disability in two chronic pain conditions: localized musculoskeletal pain and chronic daily headaches. ⋯ The implications for treatment of chronic pain in children are discussed with an emphasis on greater attention to developmental issues and their relation to coping, emotional functioning, and disability in pediatric pain. Further research examining differences in coping and disability between different pediatric pain groups is also warranted.
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This study investigated the association between repeated childhood and adulthood abuse and somatic symptom reporting, mental health care use, and substance use among women with chronic pain. ⋯ These data indicate a significant association between health status and reported abuse among women presenting to a multidisciplinary pain center for pain management. This finding is consistent with those of previous investigators, and emphasizes the importance of routine evaluation of the presence of long-term abuse as a possible predictor of the onset of chronic pain states.