The Clinical journal of pain
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Perioperative Epidural or Intravenous Ketamine Does Not Improve the Effectiveness of Thoracic Epidural Analgesia for Acute and Chronic Pain After Thoracotomy.
Persistent postsurgical pain (PPP) after thoracotomy effect 50% to 80%. Nerve damage and central sensitization involving NDMDAr activation may play an important role. This study evaluates the efficacy of adding intravenous (IV) or epidural ketamine to thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) after thoracotomy. ⋯ Adding epidural or IV racemic ketamine to TEA after thoracotomy did not lead to any reduction in PPP or allodynia. Epidural administration produced similar plasma ketamine levels to the IV route.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
The Subjective Psychoactive Effects of Oral Dronabinol Studied in a Randomized, Controlled Crossover Clinical Trial For Pain.