Pediatric emergency care
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Pediatric emergency care · Mar 2018
Measuring the Transrectal Diameter on Point-of-Care Ultrasound to Diagnose Constipation in Children.
The aim of the study was to determine the test performance characteristics for point-of-care ultrasound in diagnosing constipation, through measuring the transrectal diameter (TRD). We sought to develop a sonographic numeric cutoff value for diagnosing constipation. Secondary objectives included whether certain patient characteristics would affect the TRD measurement and the accuracy of the TRD in comparison with abdominal radiographs. ⋯ In pediatric patients with abdominal pain, there is a strong correlation of an enlarged TRD with constipation. Our results suggest that point-of-care ultrasound is a useful adjunct for diagnosing constipation and has the potential to replace the use of abdominal radiographs.
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Pediatric emergency care · Mar 2018
Observational StudyAxillary and Tympanic Temperature Measurement in Children and Normal Values for Ages.
The aim of the study was define the normal values of tympanic and axillary body temperature in healthy children. ⋯ Axillary and tympanic body temperatures should be considered as fever when they are more than 37.0°C and 37.8°C, respectively. For 0 to 2 months, fever is 37.5°C and 37.85°C in axillary and tympanic temperatures, respectively.
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Pediatric emergency care · Mar 2018
Need for Lumbar Puncture in Children Younger Than 12 Months Presenting With Simple Febrile Seizure.
Recently, conflicting results have been reported regarding the necessity of routine lumbar puncture in children less than 12 months of age with simple febrile seizure. The aims of this study were to evaluate the results of lumbar puncture in children younger than 60 months of age with febrile seizure and to reassess the need for lumbar puncture in children younger than 12 months with simple febrile seizure. ⋯ Lumbar puncture should be considered in every child younger than 12 months of age with a simple febrile seizure owing to lack of abnormal neurologic sign even if immunization is up-to-date.
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Pediatric emergency care · Mar 2018
Relative Effectiveness of Dopamine Antagonists for Pediatric Migraine in the Emergency Department.
Migraine headaches are common in the pediatric emergency department. The mainstay of abortive treatment consists of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories and dopamine antagonists. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 3 commonly used dopamine antagonists to abort pediatric migraine. ⋯ This study suggests variable efficacy among 3 commonly used dopamine antagonists for pediatric migraine headache. Promethazine seems least effective and results in higher use of opioids compared with other available dopamine antagonists.
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Pediatric emergency care · Mar 2018
Case ReportsEvaluation and Management of Acute-Onset Hemiparesis in an Adolescent With Leukemia.
Emergency departments (EDs) are alert to the possibility of stroke and the need for early interventions to improve long-term clinical outcomes. However, new-onset hemiparesis in pediatric patients with leukemia may be due to a number of different etiologies, including most common side effects from chemotherapeutic agents. We present a case of a 15-year-old boy with pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia on chemotherapy, having recently received a high-dose methotrexate infusion in addition to intrathecal methotrexate therapy, who presented to our ED with acute right-sided hemiparesis. ⋯ Magnetic resonance imaging (diffusion-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence) demonstrated focal areas of diffusion restriction, an early sign of delayed-onset methotrexate neurotoxicity. Our patient received appropriate supportive care and leucovorin rescue with gradual clinical recovery, after a prolonged hospitalization and acute care rehabilitation over the course of several months. Our case illustrates the need for ED providers to consider methotrexate neurotoxicity in pediatric oncology patients presenting with acute neurologic changes.