Pediatric emergency care
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Pediatric emergency care · Sep 2018
Review Case ReportsHeterogeneous Knee Effusions on Point-of-Care Ultrasound in a Toddler Diagnosed With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.
Point-of-care musculoskeletal ultrasound can provide information about joint effusions and the quality of the effusion. This case report describes the findings of a previously healthy pediatric patient with acute onset of knee swelling and abnormal gait. After point-of-care ultrasound demonstrated bilateral knee effusions with complex, heterogeneous material, subsequent workup revealed a diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). We review the ultrasound technique, sonographic findings, and literature regarding point-of-care ultrasound for knee effusions and JIA.
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Pediatric emergency care · Sep 2018
Review Case ReportsBottle Tongue Entrapment: Increasingly Popular Soda Becomes Airway Emergency.
Tongue entrapments within bottles are very rare childhood mishaps. The most immediate hazard in a tongue entrapment is airway obstruction. Tongue entrapment is an airway emergency; contingency planning to maintain airway patency, oxygenation, and ventilation is critical. ⋯ The child was transferred to and intubated in the operating room where the bottle was removed uneventfully. This case demonstrates our approach to an evolving difficult airway in our pediatric emergency department. We review the available literature on similar presentations.
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Abusive head trauma is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children. Retinal hemorrhages (RHs) are frequently seen, particularly during dilated eye examination of these children. This review focuses on the evaluation of children with RH, with emphasis on the differential diagnosis, pathophysiology, and distinguishing features of RHs due to abusive head trauma. ⋯ In children with intracranial hemorrhage and concerns for abuse, the finding of severe, multilayered RHs extending to the periphery of the retina is very specific for abuse as the cause of the findings, especially if retinoschisis is present. There are few other accidental traumatic mechanisms associated with retinoschisis, and the history of such a traumatic event is readily apparent. The indications for ophthalmologic consult, optimal timing of the eye examination, and significance of the findings are specifically discussed.