Pediatric emergency care
-
Pediatric emergency care · Nov 2019
Effects of the Introduction of Intranasal Fentanyl on Reduction of Pain Severity Score in Children: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis.
Children are at risk of inadequate analgesia due to paramedics' inexperience in assessing children and challenges in administering analgesics when the patient is distressed and uncooperative. This study reports on the outcome of a change to practice guidelines that added intranasal fentanyl and intramuscular morphine within a large statewide ambulance service. ⋯ This large study of a system-wide clinical practice guideline change has demonstrated a significant improvement in the outcome of interest. However, a proportion of children with moderate to severe pain did not receive analgesia.
-
Pediatric emergency care · Nov 2019
Case ReportsFatal Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation Due to Ingestion of Hydrofluoric Acid.
Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a colorless and odorless solution of the hydrogen fluoride in water. It is used in some household products. ⋯ In this case report, we present a 3.5-year-old girls who unintentionally drunk a rust remover that contained 8% HF. She died in a short period as a result of refractory ventricular fibrillation, which was developed due to fluoride intoxication.
-
Pediatric emergency care · Nov 2019
Observational StudyNitrous Oxide 70% for Procedural Analgosedation in a Pediatric Emergency Department With or Without Intranasal Fentanyl?: Analgesic Efficacy and Adverse Events if Combined With Intranasal Fentanyl.
Nitrous oxide 70% (N20 70%) is an excellent medication for procedural analgosedation in a pediatric emergency department. However, its analgesic efficacy remains uncertain for painful procedures; therefore, a combination with intranasal fentanyl (INF), an opioid, was suggested. This study aimed at observing and assessing the analgesic efficacy and rate of adverse events using N20 70% with and without INF. ⋯ Because of the study design and limitations, no conclusions about adding INF to N20 70% can be made. Additional research is needed to investigate the effect of combining N20 70% with INF.
-
Pediatric emergency care · Nov 2019
Comparative StudyBuccal Midazolam Compared With Rectal Diazepam Reduces Seizure Duration in Children in the Outpatient Setting.
Seizures are very common in children. They frequently happen in outpatient settings, in the presence of caregivers who are not always trained in their management. First-line rescue therapy is based on benzodiazepine, historically diazepam. Recent studies have investigated the use of other benzodiazepines in the treatment of acute seizures. ⋯ Based on our results, buccal midazolam seems to have some advantages compared with rectal diazepam in terms of feasibility in an outpatient setting and in terms of reduced seizure duration.
-
Pediatric emergency care · Nov 2019
Case ReportsInfluenza A-Associated Epiglottitis and Compensatory Pursed Lip Breathing in an Infant.
The last 3 decades have seen a shift in the epidemiology of epiglottitis. Epiglottitis was once most commonly associated with Haemophilus influenzae type B. ⋯ Here, we report the first case of epiglottitis secondary to influenza A in a former full-term, vaccinated infant who presented with cough, fever, stridor, pursed lip breathing, and progressive respiratory distress and eventual respiratory failure. This case highlights the presentation and clinical course of epiglottitis and describes a rare clinical feature, pursed lip breathing, in an infant.