Pediatric pulmonology
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Cystic fibrosis (CF) research and case reports were robust in the year 2018. This report summarizes publications related the multisystem effects of CF, pulmonary exacerbations, new and expanded therapies other than cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulator studies, and patient-reported priorities and outcomes.
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Pediatric pulmonology · Aug 2019
Elevated lung volumes in neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia measured via MRI.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease of prematurity defined by requirement for respiratory support at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), but structural sequelae like lung hyperinflation are often not quantified. Quiet-breathing, nonsedated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows tomographic quantification of lung volumes and densities. We hypothesized that functional residual capacity (FRC) and intrapleural volume (IV) are increased in BPD and correlate with qualitative radiological scoring of hyperinflation. ⋯ This study demonstrates that UTE MRI can quantify hyperinflation in neonatal BPD and that lung volumes significantly increase with disease severity.
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Pediatric pulmonology · Aug 2019
Mechanics of nasal mask-delivered HFOV in neonates: A physiologic study.
To clarify if nasal mask influences noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) mechanics to optimize the clinical use of nasal mask-delivered NHFOV. ⋯ Nasal mask-delivered NHFOV is feasible, but it may require more aggressive ventilatory parameters to increase volume delivery and ventilation. The use of the nasal mask is associated with some leaks, but this is independent from the type of noninvasive respiratory support applied.