The Journal of international medical research
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of intrathecal morphine for postoperative pain management following open nephrectomy.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrathecal morphine (ITM) for postoperative pain control in patients with renal cell carcinoma undergoing open nephrectomy. ⋯ ITM was associated with greater analgesia without serious complications in patients undergoing open nephrectomy.