Journal of general internal medicine
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The global rise in overweight, obesity, and related diseases is undeniable; however, the pathogenesis of obesity and obesity-associated diseases is heterogeneous, with varied complications and a discordant response to treatment. Intriguingly, men have a shorter lifespan than women, despite being half as likely to be obese. This paradox suggests a potential gender disparity in the impact of obesity on mortality, with men potentially being more vulnerable to obesity-associated health risks. ⋯ Overweight/obesity-related morbidity and mortality are higher among male sex. Identifying differences in pathogenesis, complications and treatment response is crucial to develop targeted interventions and equitable public health policies to combat this global burden.
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Studies of new-onset diabetes as a post-acute sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection are difficult to generalize to all socio-demographic subgroups. ⋯ The pandemic period was associated with increased T2DM cases across all socio-demographic subgroups; the greatest risk was observed among individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2.
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Hispanic or Latino populations (hereafter, "Latinos") are a rapidly expanding U.S. demographic and have documented inequities in preventable diseases and conditions. Many Latinos reside in ethnic enclaves, and understanding the context and healthcare accessibility within these places is critical. ⋯ This study highlights several neighborhood structural disadvantages within Latino enclaves, including higher poverty, uninsured individuals, and crime compared to non-enclave neighborhoods. Moreover, our findings point to the need for interventions aimed at improving healthcare accessibility particularly within socioeconomically disadvantaged Latino enclaves. Addressing these inequities demands multifaceted approaches that consider both social and structural factors to ensure equitable healthcare access for Latino populations.
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Health problems associated with shift work and night shift work are gaining increasing public attention. ⋯ Shift workers, particularly those with rare or irregular night shifts, exhibited an increased hazard of mortality. Additionally, participants who worked night shifts for 20-30 years exhibited a substantially increased hazard of all-cause and CVD mortality.