Current medical research and opinion
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Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells that can self-renew and give rise to tumors. The multipotency of CSCs enables the generation of diverse cancer cell types and their potential for differentiation and resilience against chemotherapy and radiation. Additionally, specific biomarkers have been identified for them, such as CD24, CD34, CD44, CD47, CD90, and CD133. ⋯ Several technologies have the ability to identify CSCs; however, each approach has limitations. We discuss how these methods can aid in recognizing CSCs in several cancer types, comprising brain, breast, liver, stomach, and colon cancer. Furthermore, we explore different immunotherapeutic strategies targeting CSCs, including stimulating cancer-specific T cells, modifying immunosuppressive TMEs, and antibody-mediated therapy targeting CSC markers.
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Review Meta Analysis
Cost-effectiveness of CDK4/6 inhibitors in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK 4/6) inhibitors have emerged as a significant advancement in the treatment of HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Despite the clinical efficacy of CDK 4/6 inhibitors in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer, there remains a significant gap in understanding their cost-effectiveness, particularly regarding the long-term economic impact and the key drivers of costs, when used in combination with endocrine therapy. This study aims to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis of cost-effectiveness studies evaluating CDK4/6 inhibitors in treatment of HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer and identify key drivers of costs of CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy. ⋯ The combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and letrozole/endocrine therapy for the treatment of postmenopausal patients with advanced HR+/HER2 - MBC was not cost-effective.
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Review Meta Analysis
Cost-effectiveness of CDK4/6 inhibitors in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK 4/6) inhibitors have emerged as a significant advancement in the treatment of HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Despite the clinical efficacy of CDK 4/6 inhibitors in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer, there remains a significant gap in understanding their cost-effectiveness, particularly regarding the long-term economic impact and the key drivers of costs, when used in combination with endocrine therapy. This study aims to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis of cost-effectiveness studies evaluating CDK4/6 inhibitors in treatment of HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer and identify key drivers of costs of CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy. ⋯ The combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and letrozole/endocrine therapy for the treatment of postmenopausal patients with advanced HR+/HER2 - MBC was not cost-effective.
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To review the literature to outline findings from clinical trials assessing interventions for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in patients who have progressed on androgen receptor-axis-targeted (ARAT) therapies. ⋯ This systematic review demonstrated there are limited effective treatment options in this patient population. Unlike other cancer types, immunotherapy agents appear to provide little to no benefit. Conversely, agents such as taxane-based chemotherapy (e.g. cabazitaxel) and radionuclide therapy provide the most value in this patient population. Further research is needed to explore new therapies in this disease area and to optimize existing treatment strategies with more effective combination therapies.
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To review the literature to outline findings from clinical trials assessing interventions for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in patients who have progressed on androgen receptor-axis-targeted (ARAT) therapies. ⋯ This systematic review demonstrated there are limited effective treatment options in this patient population. Unlike other cancer types, immunotherapy agents appear to provide little to no benefit. Conversely, agents such as taxane-based chemotherapy (e.g. cabazitaxel) and radionuclide therapy provide the most value in this patient population. Further research is needed to explore new therapies in this disease area and to optimize existing treatment strategies with more effective combination therapies.