Current medical research and opinion
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VEGF, HER2 and EGFR targeted agents are currently used in gastric, esophageal and colorectal cancers. However, treatment outcomes are still poor in most gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Immune checkpoints are one of the most promising immunotherapy approaches. In this review article, we aim to discuss the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies in GI cancers, including gastric, esophageal and colorectal cancer in published or reported recent studies. ⋯ Both pembrolizumab and nivolumab show promising efficacy with acceptable safety data in published trials in GI cancers, especially in refractory MSI positive metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Insulin glargine 300 units/mL: Insulin glargine 300 units/mL (Gla-300) is a formulation of insulin glargine that delivers the same number of insulin units in one-third of the injectable volume of insulin glargine 100 units/mL (Gla-100). Glucose control: Recently approved in the United States and in Europe for use in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, Gla-300 has a more constant and evenly distributed glucose-lowering effect compared with Gla-100, with a duration of action beyond 24 hours and lower within-day and between-day intra-individual variability in blood glucose levels. These benefits translate into predictable and sustained glucose control from a once-daily injection, with potential for fewer hypoglycemia episodes and less weight gain.
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Meta Analysis
Impact of intraoperative MRI-guided resection on resection and survival in patient with gliomas: a meta-analysis.
This study addressed the benefit of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) compared with conventional neuronavigation-guided resection in patients with gliomas. ⋯ Our findings indicate that iMRI more frequently resulted in more complete resections leading to improved PFS in patients with malignant gliomas.
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Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Comparative effectiveness of interferons in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis of real-world studies.
Differences between interferons have been evaluated for over 20 years. While randomized controlled trial (RCT) data is mainly used for assessments and strong data for causal inferences, it does not necessarily reflect everyday practice. Real-world data may provide additional information. ⋯ In this comprehensive meta-analysis of real-world studies in RRMS, IFN-beta-1a IM, IFN-beta-1a SC and IFN-beta-1b SC had similar clinical profiles. When selecting an IFN, practitioners should consider observational data in their decision making process.
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To evaluate the longer-term safety of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ⋯ Longer-term exposure to canagliflozin as monotherapy or in combination with other agents was generally well tolerated in patients with T2DM.