Health education research
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Health education research · Aug 2016
Randomized Controlled TrialMediating factors of a school-based multi-component smoking prevention intervention: the LdP cluster randomized controlled trial.
The aim of this study was to investigate factors mediating the effects of Luoghi di Prevenzione (LdP) smoking prevention intervention based on social competence and social influence approaches, and characterized by peer-led school-based interventions, out-of-school workshops, school lessons, and by enforcing the school anti-smoking policy. Students aged 14-15 years in 13 secondary schools in Reggio Emilia, Italy (989 students) were randomly assigned to the LdP intervention or a control condition. The baseline and follow-up surveys were carried out before and 18 months after the intervention, respectively. ⋯ The programme also showed to significantly increase risk perception and smoking knowledge, even though these mediators had no effect on smoking. Moreover, LdP intervention directly reduced smoking in school areas. Future interventions should maintain and strengthen the LdP social influence component and the part regarding the school anti-smoking policy.
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Health education research · Jun 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialDifferences in osteoarthritis self-management support intervention outcomes according to race and health literacy.
We explored whether the effects of a telephone-based osteoarthritis (OA) self-management support intervention differed by race and health literacy. Participants included 515 veterans with hip and/or knee OA. Linear mixed models assessed differential effects of the intervention compared with health education (HE) and usual care (UC) on pain (Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales-2 [AIMS2] and Visual Analogue Scale), function (AIMS2 mobility and walking/bending), affect (AIMS2) and arthritis self-efficacy by: (i) race (white/non-white), (ii) health literacy (high/low) and (iii) race by health literacy. ⋯ However, we found a differential effect of the intervention on AIMS2 pain compared with UC according to the combination of race and health literacy (P = 0.05); non-whites with low literacy in the intervention had the greatest improvement in pain. This telephone-based OA intervention may be particularly beneficial for patients with OA who are racial/ethnic minorities and have low health literacy. These results warrant further research designed specifically to assess whether this type of intervention can reduce OA disparities.
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Health education research · Aug 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialEvaluation of a brief intervention designed to increase CPR training among pregnant pool owners.
This study evaluated whether a brief videotape could motivate pregnant pool owners to be trained in infant/child cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Women were recruited from prenatal classes in South Florida. Eligible volunteers were randomized to view a video or receive standard treatment, after completing a questionnaire. ⋯ Video viewers were also more likely to report significant changes in perceptions that favored CPR training. Health care facilities located in communities with high rates of toddler drowning may want to screen prenatal students for pool ownership and encourage at-risk families to be trained in infant/child CPR. Such programs should, however, emphasize the primacy of isolation fencing as a preventive measure.