Metabolic brain disease
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Metabolic brain disease · Jun 2018
Meta AnalysisAssociation between PDE4D rs966221 polymorphism and risk of ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
PDE4D polymorphism (SNP83/rs966221) was reported to be associated with the susceptibility to ischemic stroke (IS), however, the results were inconclusive. An electronic search of Embase, PubMed, CNKI and Wan Fang Date was performed to identify relevant studies published throughout April 2017. A total of 26 studies were enrolled in the analysis. ⋯ In conclusion, our meta-analysis demonstrated that the SNP83 polymorphism in the PDE4D gene might contribute to IS susceptibility especially in Asian populations. Whereas the relationship of the polymorphism to the disease in Caucasian population was still in controversial. In future, additional well designed studies with larger sample sizes are still required to further elucidate this association.
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Insulin resistance often refers to a pathological condition in which cells fail to respond to the normal actions of insulin. Increasing literature has noted a critical role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke via enhancing advanced changes of atherosclerosis. ⋯ Insulin resistance also induces hemodynamic disturbances and contributes to the onset of ischemic stroke. In addition, insulin resistance may augment the role of the modifiable risk factors in ischemic stroke and induce the occurrence of ischemic stroke. Preclinical and clinical studies have supported that improving insulin resistance may be an effective measure to prevent or delay ischemic stroke.
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Metabolic brain disease · Dec 2016
ReviewCurrent state of knowledge of hepatic encephalopathy (part III): non-absorbable disaccharides.
Nonabsorbable disaccharides have been the mainstay of treatment for hepatic encephalopathy since introduced into clinical practice in 1966. Their beneficial effects reflect their ability to reduce the intestinal production/absorption of ammonia. A recent Cochrane review confirmed the efficacy and safety of nonabsorbable disaccharides for the treatment and prevention of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. The findings were robust and support the use of nonabsorbable disaccharides as a first line treatment for hepatic encephalopathy, in this patient population, and for its prevention.
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Metabolic brain disease · Aug 2016
Review Meta AnalysisAssociation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism with autism: evidence of genetic susceptibility.
Autism (MIM 209850) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disease that manifests within the first 3 years of life. Numerous articles reported that dysfunctional folate-methionine pathway enzymes may play an important role in the pathophysiology of autism. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a critical enzyme of this pathway and MTHFR C677T polymorphism reported as risk factor for autism in several case control studies. ⋯ C = 1.43; 95 % CI = 1.1-1.87; p = 0.009) and Asian population (ORTvs. C = 1.68; 95 % CI = 1.02-2.77; p = 0.04) using allele contrast model. In conclusion, present meta-analysis strongly suggested a significant association of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism with autism.
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Metabolic brain disease · Jun 2015
ReviewGlucose metabolism following human traumatic brain injury: methods of assessment and pathophysiological findings.
The pathophysiology of traumatic brain (TBI) injury involves changes to glucose uptake into the brain and its subsequent metabolism. We review the methods used to study cerebral glucose metabolism with a focus on those used in clinical TBI studies. Arterio-venous measurements provide a global measure of glucose uptake into the brain. ⋯ A recent novel development is the use of microdialysis to deliver glucose and other energy substrates labelled with carbon-13, which allows the metabolism of glucose and other substrates to be tracked. Positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy allow regional differences in metabolism to be assessed. We summarise the data published from these techniques and review their potential uses in the clinical setting.